Harlem Renaissance Poets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Harlem Renaissance Poets - Essay Example The author’s role and importance will be described, and the elements of double consciousness in their poems will be identified. Subsequently, the primary themes in the poetry of the time will be described and finally, I will present my own poem that expresses the identified themes of the Harlem renaissance. Poetry had a significant place in this movement because of its brevity of expression. There were many scholars of the time who stand out as representatives of the movements. Langston Hughes, a poet and scholar, was an outspoken critic of the racial polarization between the White and Black races in America. He also criticized some Black writers who he saw as adopting Eurocentric values while still championing for social equality. His poems explored the Black experience with a sensibility that captured its struggles, resilience, beauty, and complexity. Although he was later criticized for being a racial chauvinist, Hughes introduced a new literary aesthetic that celebrated African-American forms of literary expression (Shaduri, 2010). Hughes’ emphasis on racial consciousness and Black cultural nationalism would later influence many writers. Hughes’s recognition of the dualism of his experience as both encompassing the African and American is aptly captured in his seminal poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers. In The poem, the persona declares his involvement with the rivers Euphrates, Congo, Nile, and Mississippi. As a result of the persona’s diverse experiences and imbrications in the cultures of the African and American continents, the persona reminds the reader that: â€Å"my soul has grown deep like the rivers.† While there is a psychological, cultural, and artistic dilemma invoked by the involvement of both cultures and histories with each other, Hughes’s refrain suggests transcendence over them, implying complexity and richness of the African-American experience. Countee Cullen also engaged and questioned the complexity of the

According to Schmidt and Mandel Essay Example for Free

According to Schmidt and Mandel Essay Sepsis is an inflammatory systemic response to infection. The symptoms are produced by the host’s defense systems rather than by the invading pathogens (Schouten et al. , 2008). Sepsis is a frequent cause of admission to intensive care units (ICUs) and it is one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients (Alberti et al. , 2003). It is a public health concern and it continues to be a burden on the healthcare system (Ely, Kleinpell and Goyette, 2003). Despite advancing medical technology, the rate of patients in intensive care units diagnosed with sepsis is continually increasing. According to Schmidt and Mandel (2009), even when optimal treatment is provided, morbidity due to severe sepsis or septic shock is approximately 40 percent and can exceed 50 percent in the most critically ill patients. Early recognition of sepsis and sepsis-associated infections is essential to treating and controlling it from escalating to advanced stages that are associated with higher mortality rates (Lukaszewski et al. , 2008). Unlike other diseases or trauma, the initial signs and symptoms of sepsis are subtle and can easily be missed by health care practitioners. See more: Homeless satire essay Sepsis involves the activation of the coagulation cascade along with downregulation of anticoagulant systems and fibrinolysis (Schouten et al. , 2008). This cycle becomes exaggerated because inflammation induced coagulation produces further inflammation. Sepsis is associated with hypovolemia, hypotension and endothelial dysfunction. The following report will examine a patient’s course of illness during her stay in the ICU at XXXX. This paper will provide a discussion on the patient and her past Running Head: Sepsis medical history, the pathophysiology of sepsis, the clinical manifestations of sepsis, the patient’s clinical course, and finally, a summary and critique of the case management. Patient Information Mrs. E is a 73 year old female with an extensive past medical history. According to her medical chart, her history includes type II diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, hypoglycemia, chronic kidney disease (due to hypertension and diabetic nephropathy), hyperuricemia and gastritis. She has a history of breast and uterine cancer. As a result, she has undergone a left lumpectomy and she has had a hysterectomy. Mrs. E. is an ex-smoker and she has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In June 2009, Mrs. E. was being investigated for transaminitis, and an MRI in the same month suggested a periampullary mass. She underwent Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) on August 26, 2009 at Trillium Health Centre in Mississauga. The ERCP results indicated papillary fibrosis and stenosis; however no masses or stones were discovered. Mrs. E. presented to the emergency department at Trillium Health Centre on August 27, 2009 in septic shock due to an intra-abdominal source. She was then taken to the operating room for a laprotomy for cholecystitis. It was discovered during surgery that Mrs. E. had a gangrenous gallbladder. The surgery team drained a supraphrenic abscess, sutured the intestine and repaired a ventral hernia. She was then admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Trillium Health Centre. During her stay in the ICU, cultures were taken on successive days that confirmed Klebsiella, pneumonia, and sepsis. She was treated with ceftriaxone and flagyl. Mrs. E’s renal function progressively worsened and her creatinine steadily rose. She developed thrombocytopenia due to sepsis. Mrs. E. began to become less responsive to furosemide treatments and was diagnosed with acute renal failure. As a result she was transferred to xxxxxx for hemodialysis. Upon arrival to xxxxxxx, Mrs. E was intubated, ventilated and sedated. On initial examination, her heart rate (HR) was 88 BPM, blood pressure (BP) was 189/59 mmHg, temperature was 36. 7 degrees celsius, her respiratory rate (RR) was approximately 22 bpm, and her oxygen saturation was 97%. Mrs. E. had generalized pitting edema throughout her entire body. She also presented with periods of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and as a result was given amiodarone. The amiodarone infusion helped to bring Mrs. E back to normal sinus rhythm. On assessment, Mrs. E. had inspiratory crackles with decreased breath sounds to the left lower lobe of her lung, and ecchymosis of her upper extremities. Based on the evidence she presented with, including laboratory evidence, Mrs. E. was diagnosed by the renal physician at The Credit Valley Hospital with acute on chronic renal failure. The acute component was determined to be secondary to sepsis and hypertension perioperatively. Disease Process Pathophysiology Sepsis is a clinical condition that complicates a severe infection and is characterized by systemic inflammation and widespread tissue injury (Neviere, 2009). When coupled with acute organ dysfunction, sepsis can lead to severe life-threatening complications, including death (Lukaszewski, 2008). Individuals suffering from sepsis display signs of inflammation at tissue sites remote from the original insult such as vasodilation, increased microvascular permeability and leukocyte accumulation. During sepsis, the inflammatory response causes extensive damage to an individual’s microcirculation (Neligan, 2006). According to Schouten et al (2008), sepsis involves the activation of the coagulation cascade coupled with down-regulation of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. An intricate link between inflammation and coagulation exists within the body (Neligan, 2006). When a pathogen is present in the bloodstream or when tissue injury occurs, an inflammatory response occurs. The response causes a stimulation of the immune system to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF? ) (Neligan, 2006). These cytokines are the main catalysts of the inflammatory response and cause the release of several agents including, interleukin-8, histamine, kinins, serotonin, selectins, and neutrophils. When the above compounds are activated, local vasodilation occurs, cytotoxic chemicals are released and the invading pathogen is destroyed (Neligan, 2006). The inflammatory response can be excessive at times and causes local cellular destruction (Neligan, 2006). In septic patients, damage to their own tissues occurs throughout the body in the vasculature and endothelium. The release of the proinflammatory cytokines, specifically IL-6, causes activation of the coagulation cascade (Neligan, 2006). Coagulation can be activated by either the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway following a particular tissue damaging event (Neligan, 2006). The intrinsic pathway is the slower of the two pathways and it requires that all factors are present within the blood for clotting to occur (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). However, when blood is exposed to a factor that resides under the damaged endothelium, called tissue factor (TF), the extrinsic pathway is activated (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). The extrinsic pathway is shorter than the intrinsic pathway as it bypasses several steps of the intrinsic pathway. Each clotting pathway 6 requires ionic calcium and involves a series of procoagulants, and eventually forms a common factor X (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Within the extrinsic pathway, tissue factor binds to activated factor VII. The complex that results activates factors IX and X (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). When factor X has been activated, it complexes with calcium ions, PF3 and factor V to form prothrombin activator (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Prothrombin activator catalyzes the transformation of the plasma protein prothrombin to the thrombin, an active enzyme. Thrombin catalyzes the formation of fibrinogen and eventually into fibrin (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Thrombin, in the presence of calcium ions, activates factor III in order to bind the fibrin strands closely together (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). The last step in the normal clotting cascade is fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis is responsible for removing clots once the healing process is complete (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Without fibrinolysis, vessels have the potential to become completely blocked because clotting occurs continuously (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Plasmin, a digesting enzyme, is responsible for breaking clots (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). It is produced when the plasma protein plasminogen is activated. Plasminogen is incorporated into a forming clot, however it remains dormant until it is activated by an appropriate signal or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Activated factor XII and thrombin can also activate plasminogen. In a septic patient, the fibrolytic system is inhibited (Neligan, 2006). Cytokines and thrombin stimulate the release of plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), from platelets and the endothelium (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Thrombin is an activator of inflammation and an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Thrombomodulin, a modulator of fibrinolysis that activates protein C, is also impaired by inflammation and endothelial injury.

Earth An Inner Terrestrial Planet :: Essays Papers

Earth An Inner Terrestrial Planet Size: About 8,000 miles in diameter Distance: 1 A.U. from the Sun Day: About 24 hours Year: About 365 days General Description: Earth may be the most unique of all planets because of the life forms we know exist here and the way they utilize the Suns energy. The Earth is composed of a great amount of water, mostly in the form of oceans, which make up most of its surface. It also contains various gases, of which make it possible for us humans to exist and is a system that exists between plants and animals here. Core/Interior: The Earth has three layers to it's interior, the inner core, outer core, and mantle. Of these the outer core is thought to be liquid. Like most of the terrestrial planets at birth, the Earth has been molten and undergone some differentiation allowing the heavy material which is consisting mostly of an iron, nickel, and cobalt core making it's density five and a half times the density of water. Surface: Earth probably has the most unique surface with all its various landmasses and water systems. It also has polar caps, volcanoes, and continents that have trees and living organisms moving about on its surface. Much of the tectonic activity on Earth created new landforms and changed other landmasses. Atmosphere: The Earth has one of the most versatile atmospheres because of the way the solar system here picks up water and carries it around the Earth for redistribution. We have a thick atmosphere that consists mostly of oxygen and nitrogen that helps plants and animals survive so well here on Earth. We also have a "greenhouse effect" that warms our atmosphere and it's surface. Satellites: The Moon is the only satellite known to exist to Earth. Magnetic Field: The Earth has a superior magnetic field due to a core consisting of iron and nickel. Currently the rotation of the Earth and its Coriolis effect help to create this pull of the tides from the oceans. The northern lights or lurora Borealis can be seen at various times in a mystifying view of beauty.

The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating D

The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders? Without the knowledge of research, one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorder within a population. When discussing the prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders, it is important to realize and understand the risk factors and characteristics that help to better explain the prevalence of such disorders. This paper will discuss the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders, as well as the risk factors and characteristics involved with each disorder. The prevalence of eating disorders in college men will also be discussed along with the risk factors and characteristics that lead to these prevalence rates. Prevalence and Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa In order to understand the importance of the prevalence of anorexia nervosa it is important to generally understand the DSM IV criteria for anorexia nervosa. In order to qualify for diagnosis as an anorexic, a Patient must maintain an abnormally low weight (I 5% below expected weight for height and age). One must also have severe concerns about shape and weight, which is usually seen as an intense fear of gaining weight, in order to be classified as an anorexic. One who qualifies as anorexic also has low self evaluation about shape and weight. Also, in post-menarchal females... ...c cases? The American Journal of Psychiatry 1996; 153:386-394. Fairbum, Christopher and Terence Wilson. (1993). Binge Eating. New York: Guilford Press. Garfinkel, Paul, Elizabeth Lin, Paula Goering, and Cathy Spegg: Bulimia nervosa in a Canadian community sample: prevalence and comparison of subgroups. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 152: 1052-1062. Kendler, KS, Neale Maclean, R. Kessler, A. Heath, and L. Eaves: The genetic epidemiology of bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry 199 1; 1627-163 7. Olivardia, Roberto, Harrison Pope, Jr., Barbara Mangweth, and James Hudson: Eating disorders in college men. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 152:1279-1291. Walters, Ellen, and Kenneth Kendler: Anorexia nervosa and anorexic-like syndromes in a population based female twin sample. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1995- 152: 64-75.

The Thousand and One Nights: Abridged, Restructured

Jeff Stephens Dr. Swenson English 2111 11-22-11 The Thousand and One Nights: Abridged, Restructured, but Ever Lasting You may have read the story many times; you may have even watched the live-action movie or animated film, but only a few have been able to discern the unique traits inherent in The Thousand and One Nights. Willis G. Regier, a writer for World Literature Today, wrote that â€Å"the Nights has been read, admired, studied, illustrated, adapted for the stage, and Disneyfied† (321).The traits that I would like you to remember are how I used interruption to structure the story and how I implemented love within the stories to help me win back King Shahrayar’s trust and pacify his fear of psychosexual replacement. While telling the king stories of grandeur and impossibility, I snuck in little snippets of truth and morality. Richard Burton, once said, â€Å"Without the nights, no Arabian nights,† by which he meant that in dividing the story into separate e venings it was given structure and without that structure The Arabian Nights would be no more than a collection of short stories (qtd. n Van Leeuwen 183). Burton could not have been any more correct. However, I would also like to point out that without the nights themselves, my own story would have ended long before the king changed his mind in the case of my death sentence. Structure in a story like The Arabian Nights is like the branches of a tree that bears fruit; not every branch will produce the fruit, but all the branches will have leaves to help collect the energy to make the fruit.In the same way that a tree bears its fruit, my mini-stories bear the fruit of change within King Shahrayar’s heart. Through my stories, I was able to help the king reclaim some of the hope, understanding, and even love that he had once lost because of his unfaithful wife. I also showed him that women could yet be good and kind, faithful and true, and be intelligent without the wickedness wh ich so many other storytellers have been unwilling to show over the centuries.Van Leeuwen wrote an excellent article that mentions how odd it must seem in my breaking up the stories with the nights, but he also says that by breaking them up I multiplied the dimensions and meanings within the stories themselves and gave a kind of fluidity to the whole thing. I like Van Leeuwen’s interpretation of my actions. He describes the most basic interruption as the break between the fantasy world of the stories that I tell and the world of the frame story in which I, myself, take part. Incidentally, he did his homework on the subject.During that time it was quite usual for my people to use frame stories in order to create a more profound and comprehensive anthology. In using these frame stories, rather than teaching a lesson directly to the listener, we can teach vicariously through the understanding of the frame story’s characters’ understandings. When I decided to try an d save the rest of the kingdom’s women from our vengeful king I knew that a direct approach would never work, so I had to drop him coy little hints in the form of fairytales, bedtime stories, and religious parables and sayings.Although a king be a foolish man, it doesn’t make him less of a king, it just means he is less of a man. So, using the art of interruptive story telling has been around for a very long time, even long before my own time, but Van Leeuwen has a much better grasp on the many useful techniques that using frame stories and interruptive techniques can yield as well as how they help to structure a story by allowing intervals between different perspectives.Van Leeuwen also describes how the stories that I told King Shahrayar could be directly related to the frame story in which he experiences so many wrongs on behalf of women. My poor husband was practically raped by a woman being held captive by a demon, he was cheated on in his own home by his wife and a common servant, and he watched as his brother suffered the same disgrace in multiplicity. Van Leeuwen says, â€Å"As a mechanism for the generation of meanings, the juxtaposition of viewpoints enhances the cycle’s character as an initiation into new forms of knowledge† (185).Throughout the stories there are always several characters that give an account from their own perspective about what has happened in the past in order to help the reader’s and the protagonist’s understanding of the problem and how to remedy the situation properly. When I told the story about the fisherman and the demon, for instance, the demon was fixated on killing the fisherman because no one else had come to release him in hundreds of years. However, the way the fisherman saw it, the demon owed him a reward for being the one to release him after so much time.Allowing both parties to speak their thoughts about the situation in conversation made it much easier to discern a mediat ion point. In other words, knowing both sides of the story helped to rectify the situation amicably for both parties in the end. I was trying the show the king that jumping to conclusions is never a good way to solve a problem. His ex-wife’s betrayal leads him to pronounce vows with a new woman each day and then break those vows by killing them the next so that they would not have a chance to betray him first.I was able to slowly give meaningful and constructive criticism of King Shahrayar’s decisions over the course of many nights and because of that criticism he changed on the inside. He became whole again, with an understanding that he had found a woman (myself) that would never betray him. Throughout my Thousand and One Nights, love is a catalyst to reveal the true nature of the person within a given character, because love defines us. Love of one’s self versus love for others, love of money versus love of one’s family, love for love’s sake ver sus love for the sake of sex and wiles.Wills G. Regier pointed out that â€Å"Love is everywhere†, and I could not agree more. Within every expression of love there is a story to be told about those involved and the feeling of love in and of itself. I told King Shahrayar stories of this sort each night, some with violence and murder, some with mystery and suspense, and some with sexual escapades. OK, a lot with sexual escapades. I practically bored the man to sleep some nights! I had to improvise to continue to keep his interest in my stories, but I always tried to find ways to wrap them up with love.My king seemed to have forgotten what love really was, so I needed to remind him of the feeling he so desperately sought even if, to begin with, it was sought unconsciously. Regier actually nailed it when he said that I gave King Shahrayar spiritual instruction a couple of times (311). I was attempting to do just that by reciting proverbs and Muhammad’s sayings. I was atte mpting (and apparently successfully so) to help him regain his moralistic views and understandings of the world. Love plays a large role in one’s understanding of how people view each other and how and why the react in the ways that they do.He needed to understand that part of why he reacted to his ex-wife in such an over-the-top manner was because he loved her so much that it hurt him more deeply than anything had ever hurt him before. He needed to understand that love and the loss of love was what drove him to such drastic measures. John J. Brugaletta wrote an interesting essay about my stories regarding the different allegorical properties from which new knowledge could be gleaned when comparing the situations in the stories to situations in real life (7).He was right, I was providing stories that the king could relate to at the time. There seemed to be some ominous trend in the women of my day to be more sexually attracted to black men. Honestly, it was probably more to d o with the fact that black slaves tended to be in better physical condition than the white nobility, sitting in their lush palaces, eating meat and drinking wine all day, and going on hunts for pleasure rather than out of necessity. Some of King Shahrayar’s emotional issues undoubtedly stemmed from his seeming fear of â€Å"psychosexual† replacement by the black slaves.Brugaletta says that â€Å"the societies in which this book took form were preoccupied with a sense of inadequacy in sexual competition with blacks† (6). One way or another, every story could be directly proportionalized with King Shahrayar’s own life-experiences. I engineered the stories to reflect King Shahrayar’s mishaps in a kind-of worse-case scenario type of schema to help him reconcile with his unhappiness and help him to understand that while his wife was at fault in cheating on him, so was he in his exacting vengeance upon all the women of his kingdom because of one womanâ⠂¬â„¢s infidelity.While my king and husband listened to my stories, I was able to postpone my own demise and prevent others from falling to the same fate as my predecessors. As long as I kept the man intrigued, the king stayed his bloody hands. I showed him through my stories that he was missing out on living life and he understood that although he had become an angry, bitter tyrant, he could change his ways and become a loving husband and king again. Through my stories, he was able to trust women and believe in their goodness again. Works Cited Brugaletta, John J. The Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. † Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-6. Literary Reference Center. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. Lawall, Sarah N. , and Maynard Mack. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second ed. Vol. B. New York: Norton, 2002. Print. Leeuwen, Richard Van. â€Å"The Art Of Interruption: The Thousand And One Nights And Jan Potocki. † Middle Eastern Literatures 7. 2 (2004): 183-198. Ac ademic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. Regier, Wills G. â€Å"Shahrazad's New Clothes. † World Literature Today 84. 2 (2010): 30-34. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2011.

Learn About Wine Legs or Tears

Learn About Wine Legs or Tears What does it mean when a wine is said to have legs or someone refers to tears of wine? Wine legs or tears of wine are the droplets that form in a ring on the glass above the surface of a glass of wine or other alcoholic beverage. The drops continuously form and fall in rivulets back into the liquid. You can see the effect in the shadow of this glass of wine. Cause of Wine Legs While some people think wine legs are related to the quality, sweetness or viscosity of wine, they are really indicative of the alcoholic content of the wine and are caused by the interplay between adhesion, evaporation and surface tension of water and alcohol. How Wine Legs Work Capillary action draws a small amount of wine up the surface of the wine glass above the liquid. Both alcohol and water evaporate, but the alcohol has a higher vapor pressure and evaporates faster, producing a region of liquid that has a lower concentration of alcohol than the rest of the wine.  Alcohol has a lower surface tension than water, so lowering the concentration of alcohol raises the surface tension of the liquid. The water molecules are cohesive and stick together, forming droplets that eventually become heavy enough to fall back down the glass in streams into the wine. History of the Explanation of Wine Legs The effect is called the Marangoni or Gibbs-Marangoni Effect, in reference to Carlo Marangonis investigations into the effect in the 1870s. However, James Thomson explained the phenomenon in his 1855 paper, On certain curious Motions observable at the Surfaces of Wine and other Alcoholic Liquors. Test It Yourself The Marangoni effect more generally refers to the flow of liquid caused by surface tension gradients. You can see this effect if you spread a thin film of water over a smooth surface and add a drop of alcohol to the center of the film. The liquid will move away from the alcohol drop. Swirl a glass of wine or liquor and observe the wine legs or tears of wine on the glass. If you cover the glass and swirl it, wine legs eventually will stop forming because the alcohol will be unable to evaporate.

The Impact of the Dust Bowl on the Environment

The Impact of the Dust Bowl on the Environment Many accidents and natural disasters have done serious environmental damage to the United States. Some of the most famous events include the  1989  Exxon Valdez  oil spill, the 2008 coal ash spill in Tennessee, and the Love Canal toxic dump disaster that came to light in the 1970s. But none of these events, despite their tragic consequences, come close to being the worst environmental disaster in the United States. The worst was the 1930s Dust Bowl- created by the drought, erosion, and dust storms, or black blizzards, of the so-called Dirty Thirties. It was the worst and most prolonged environmental disaster in American history. The dust storms started at about the same time that the Great Depression really began to grip the country, and continued to sweep across the Southern Plains- western Kansas, eastern Colorado and New Mexico, and the panhandle regions of Texas and Oklahoma- until the late 1930s. In some areas, the storms didnt relent until 1940. Decades later, the land is still not completely restored.  Once thriving farms are still abandoned, and new dangers are again putting the Great Plains environment in serious jeopardy. Causes and Effects In the summer of 1931, the rain stopped coming and a drought that would last for most of the decade descended on the region. Crops withered and died. Farmers who had plowed under the native prairie grass that held the soil in place saw tons of topsoil, which had taken thousands of years to accumulate, rise into the air and blow away in minutes. On the Southern Plains, the sky turned lethal. Livestock went blind and suffocated, their stomachs full of fine sand. Farmers, unable to see through the blowing sand, tied themselves to guide ropes to make the walk from their houses to their barns. Families wore respiratory masks handed out by Red Cross workers, cleaned their homes each morning with shovels as well as brooms, and draped wet sheets over doors and windows to help filter out the dust. Still, children and adults inhaled sand, coughed up dirt, and died of a new epidemic called dust pneumonia. Frequency and Severity of Storms The weather got worse long before it got better. In 1932, the weather bureau reported 14 dust storms. In 1933, the number of dust storms climbed to 38, nearly three times as many as the year before. At its worst, the Dust Bowl covered about 100 million acres in the Southern Plains, an area roughly the size of Pennsylvania. Dust storms also swept across the northern prairies of the United States and Canada, but the damage there couldnt compare to the devastation farther south. Some of the worst storms blanketed the nation with dust from the Great Plains. A storm in May 1934 deposited 12 million tons of dust in Chicago and dropped layers of fine brown dust on the streets and parks of New York and Washington, D.C. Even ships at sea, 300 miles off the Atlantic coast, were left coated with dust. Black Sunday The worst dust storm of all hit on April 14, 1935- Black Sunday. Tim Egan, a New York Times reporter and best-selling author who wrote a book about the Dust Bowl called The Worst Hard Time, described that day as one of Biblical horror: The storm carried twice as much dirt as was dug out of the earth to create the Panama Canal. The canal took seven years to dig; the storm lasted a single afternoon. More than 300,000 tons of Great Plains topsoil was airborne that day. Disaster Gives Way to Hope More than a quarter million people fled the Dust Bowl during the 1930s- environmental refugees who no longer had the reason or courage to stay. Three times that number remained on the land and continued to battle the dust and to search the sky for signs of rain. In 1936, the people got their  first glimmer of hope. Hugh Bennett, an agricultural expert, persuaded Congress to finance a federal program to pay farmers to use new farming techniques that would conserve topsoil and gradually restore the land. By 1937, the Soil Conservation Service had been established, and by the following year, soil loss had been reduced by 65 percent. Nevertheless, the drought continued until the autumn of 1939, when rains finally returned to the parched and damaged prairie. In his epilogue to The Worst Hard Time, Egan writes: The high plains never fully recovered from the Dust Bowl. The land came through the 1930s deeply scarred and forever changed, but in places, it healed. . . After more than sixty-five years, some of the land is still sterile and drifting. But in the heart of the old Dust Bowl now are three national grasslands run by the Forest Service. The land is green in the spring and burns in the summer, as it did in the past, and antelope come through and graze, wandering among replanted buffalo grass and the old footings of farmsteads long abandoned. Looking Ahead: Present and Future Dangers In the 21st century, there are new dangers facing the Southern Plains. Agribusiness is draining the Ogallala Aquifer- the United States largest source of groundwater, which stretches from South Dakota to Texas and supplies about 30 percent of the nations irrigation water. Agribusiness is pumping water from the aquifer eight times faster than rain and other natural forces can refill it. Between 2013 and 2015, the aquifer lost 10.7 million acre-feet of storage. At that rate, the aquifer will be completely dry within a century. Ironically, the Ogallala Aquifer is not being depleted to feed American families or to support the kind of small farmers who hung on through the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl years. Instead, the agricultural subsidies that began as part of the New Deal to help farm families stay on the land are now being given to corporate farms that are growing crops to be sold overseas. In 2003, U.S. cotton growers received $3 billion in federal subsidies to grow fiber that would ultimately be shipped to China and made into cheap clothing to be sold in American stores. If the water runs out, there wont be any for the cotton or the inexpensive clothing, and the Great Plains will be the site of yet another environmental disaster.

Film Review Essay examples

Film Review Essay examples Film Review Essay examples Zac Garcia Ms. Lynch Film Studies 10/31/14 Movie Review Of Gone Girl Gone Girl, starring Ben Affleck and Rosamund Pike as a torn married couple named Nick Dunne and Amy Dunne. It is directed by David Fincher and based off the book written by Gillian Flynn. This film is about a distressed couple Nick Dunne and Amy Dunne. Amy one morning goes missing and Nick comes home from the bar he owns to see the living room torn up as if a kidnapping or robbery occurred. It portrays Nick throughout the film to have a weird relationship with Amy due to how he reacts and acts throughout this. The film gives off this weird vibe throughout the entire movie that always has you second guessing your opinion on what is going to happen. An investigation goes on and it takes you through many twists and turns such as learning Nick’s back story, his secret life, and Amy’s past. This movie does an excellent job of leading you on to think one thing and then one scene completely changes your view. When the viewer finds out what really happened to Amy, he or she will be completely blown away and this is why this film is such a great thriller. Just by seeing the trailer for this movie, I knew that I was going to love it. I was on the edge of my seat the whole time and I can honestly say it was one of the best movies I’ve ever seen. It perfectly leads you on and gives you just the right amount of hints to give you a hint as to what happened but then one scene just changes

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 47

Art - Essay Example The smaller frame has a golden lining around it making the breakage of the black color clearer and more defined. The entire frame seems to be made out of wood. In the painting that appears in the picture, there are two people, a male and a female, who seem to be dancing. The girl is shorter than the man and she is in the foreground of the picture. The girl may be shorter than the man because she is leaning forward. She is wearing a short white dress with a purple band around her waist. The lower waist of the girl’s skirt is flared and seems to have pleats. The girl is leaning forward and is supported by the man from behind. She has spread her hands in the air to look like she is flying. Her left hand is spread lower than her right hand. She has lifted her right leg way up in the air from behind. The whole body of the girl can be seen. The girl in the picture appears to be smiling. Her eyes seem to be closed and her face is facing down at an angle. Her hair is short and black. The man in the picture is standing straight behind the girl. He is wearing a white shirt with a dark suit. The man has a black hat that has a red flower and white feather on the front left side. He seems to be looking down towards what the girl is doing. The man has yellow, long and curly hair. Both the man and the girl are averagely slender. The man and girl look like they are in a forest. Several green leafy trees can be seen around them and behind them. The blue clear sky is visible in the background. Not the whole sky can be seen because it is blocked by the trees. Only some parts of the sky are visible through the spaces left by the trees. The picture is an up-close photograph of a painting that shows two people performing. The background of the picture is not clear. It is difficult for one to pinpoint that the plantations behind the two people are actually trees. Color variations have also been used to show the different features of

Leopards and Humans Conflict in india Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leopards and Humans Conflict in india - Essay Example HWC normally come in a number of ways but the most common methods are crop destruction and the attacking of livestock. Many Indians who reside close to forest boundaries are farmers that mostly depend on agriculture (Pradhan et al.). Most of them normally keep domestic animals due to the abundance of grass in the forest. Forested regions normally receive a large amount of rainfall hence an ideal place to reside for farmers. In order to curb human-wildlife conflicts, the Indian government ought to come up with a more stable idea whereby both humans and wild animals will benefit. According to an interview on approximately 103 respondents residing in 5 different villages close to Kitam bird sanctuary, continuous destruction of crops by wild birds such as the Indian peacocks has not only resulted to loss of crops but also money that farmers have invested in the crops (Pradhan et al.). Apart from birds, wild animals have also resulted to a massive extermination of domestic animals. According to the research, approximately 1.55 goats have been lost to wild animals in each homestead (Pradhan et al.). According to some interviewees, goats are normally the most targeted especially by the leopard (Pradhan et al.).Therefore, the government ought to come up with a lasting solution because the only methods used by residents to protect their crops and animals mostly are non-lethal methods such as guarding their crop s and wildlife at nighttime. Apart from guarding the crops and animals, residents have also devised other methods such as the use of scare cows to frighten wild animals (Pradhan et al.). Research cites several factors, which the government and its citizens can embrace to minimize the rate of HWC in India. One of the possible solutions to human wildlife conflicts is to minimize the rate at which the media reports HWC issues (Bhatia et al. 588). According to research so far conducted, the mass

Proactiv advertisment Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proactiv advertisment Analysis - Term Paper Example Other items that are in the website are different success stories, information about acne, acne-related health information, customer service and other online connections [Facebook, Twitter, Pin us, YouTube and Google Plus] that are linked to the website. The general public forms the target audience. The types of pictures that are in the advertisement are those of people who have used Proactiv and had their acne disappear and those of active members. These factors help the advertisement being analyzed by making them more popular and readily accessible (Proactiv, 1). In particular, the advertisement is a marketing strategy which focuses on the effective of Proactiv as the most appropriate solution for treating acne. The advertisement features Katheryn Elizabeth [who is better known by her stage name, Katy Perry] giving her testimony of her struggle with acne, until she tried using Proactiv. Proactiv not only helped her get rid of acne, but also gave her a smooth skin and a subsequently high self-esteem. There are elements in the advertisement which makes someone want to buy the product. One of the elements is the very ingredients which make up Proactiv. Particularly, Proactiv contains micro-crystal medicine which penetrates the skin to open up skin spores, so as to give the user a smooth and healthier skin. The same advertisement has also used strong rhetorical devices, especially, logos, pathos and ethos. The strongest of these rhetorical devices is the use of pathos: Katy Perry, a celebrity, singer, songwriter, actress, philanthropist and businesswoman is a woman of great renown and is therefore a person of great appeal and persuasion. This fact is underscored by Perry presenting herself as a person who had a problem with acne, to the point that the problem gnawed away at self-esteem. The strength of the matter at hand is that all people can testify of Perry’s now smooth skin and blossoming career as a celebrity and as someone whose celebrity status has been occasioned by a heightened self-esteem. This is presented in a matter-of-fact manner which makes people to identify with Perry and to get easily persuaded with the notion that if Proactiv made it work for Perry, then trying it out will be not a foolish, but an expedient venture (Proactiv, 1). Another form of rhetorical analysis which has been used to persuade both potential and prospective clients is the use of pathos [the audience’s passions and emotions]. The depiction of Perry as performing before large audiences at different times, vivaciously also reinforces the emotional appeal of the audience. Again, the use of Perry, a well-known celebrity to speak up-close and candid on her struggle with acne, her conquering over acne through the use of Proactiv and the picturesque depiction of Perry and Perry’s face are all elements which appeal to the target audience’s emotions. In a similar wavelength, the fact that a lady who was struggling with acne should per form before an exhilarated and ecstatic crowd full of lover for her physical appeal is a matter that immediately awakens the emotions and resolve of those who may be struggling with acne and pimples. In another wavelength, logos is also seen as another element which compels the audience towards believing in the crux of the message. The advertisement is made in a way which instills logical appeal and stimulates logical appeal. This is done at two levels in the advertisement. The first level of advertisement exists at the surface level, in the sense of being superficial and less concerned about divulging the actual truth of the matter.

Country Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Country Analysis - Essay Example This paper attempts to review all the relevant factors that need to be considered with regard to starting a business in Taiwan for a foreign company. In the process it will also take into consideration other factors like demography, religion, ethics, the level of corruption, and any other relevant factor that needs to be considered for an American company to start operations in Taiwan. Formosa was under the jurisdiction of the Dutch government for 38 years. The Portuguese people however are the ones responsible for giving the island its name Ilha Formosa which translates to â€Å"beautiful isle.† This island is more popularly known by its Chinese name which is Taiwan. It was in 1683 that it came under the rule of the Chinese government via the Manchu dynasty. Taiwan is just one of the countries in Asia that is being surrounded by water. This is one of the characteristics of Asian countries that make it appealing to other neighboring countries from other continents. Being under the governance of the Dutch, Chinese and Japanese, Taiwan held a very promising possibility for multinational companies to venture business in (Shackleton, 1-5). Geert Hofstede was one of the pioneers in understanding the importance of culture in an international environment. This critically acclaimed sociologist and researcher has laid the foundation for cross cultural studies, especially in the area of cross-cultural management (Phan, and Butler 231-260). The cultural environment of the country will be hence based on the cultural dimensions as studied by Hofstede. Other sociologists have also stressed on the importance of culture. Unless an foreign or different culture is understood, managers from other countries could experience what is known as culture clash or shock (Hofstede 20). This has to be avoided in order to bring about a smooth working relationship between diverse cultures whether in business or

How Can Political Factors Affect Finance In Kuwait Research Paper

How Can Political Factors Affect Finance In Kuwait - Research Paper Example The wave of democracy in this country is based on the decision to control oil companies. This is because over 35 percent of the world’s energy consumption is based oil fuels. It is believed that the pivotal factor affecting democratization in Kuwait is the production of oil. This is because the entire economy of Kuwait revolves around oil and other hydrocarbons investments. In addition, the government provides security and employment of people because of acceptance in the recent political order. However, it is also clear that royal Al-Sabah family has ruled the country with an iron fist without detaching themselves from the society and its people due to their vast wealth. The factors of democratization engage in recreation, an essential responsibility in the society of Kuwait. This means that the stronger these institutional factors are entrenched into Kuwaiti’s society the more democracy is achieved. Due to these democratic elements, Kuwait is the chosen country of res earch on how political factors affect finance in Kuwait. The investigative factors in Kuwait go beyond state model. This is because oil factor in this country together with other extreme generous welfares gives the basic reasons why the current state of Kuwait is not developed into a democracy nation. In this research paper, I will investigate how the political system in Kuwait has affected its finance and economy. Democratization in Kuwait Over the years, Kuwait has achieved a transition from non-democratic to a democratic system. However, in order to achieve full democratization in this country, some degree of liberation must occur in the economy. In addition, political liberation must be achieved in order to have economic growth and development. This means the expansion of public space through recognizing and protecting civil and political liberties. In Kuwait, the line between democratization and liberalization is always vague to an extent of confusion (Thuroczy 2010). Although Kuwait has stable political system with citizens voting for their preferred candidate in free and fair elections, the country faces some limitations on how oil is managed. This is because the government collects no key taxes from other resources and thus relies on income achieved from oil and other foreign investments. The effect of oil in this country is therefore, considered the main cause of lack of economic and political reforms. Additionally, other aspects are overlooked and play a great role in the development of politics in Kuwait (Thuroczy 2010). According to UN’s development index, Kuwait is a highly developed country compared to other countries along the Persian Gulf. Although there is no doubt that oil in this country has increased education and income levels of people in this country, there are massive troubles in the welfare of the state (Thuroczy 2010). In addition, there is no maximum guarantee in the employment of the youths in this country. This indicates tha t oil in this country is the biggest hindrance to the progress of democracy and economic growth. Political Analysis It is worth noting that common stock refers to the stake that a person or a registered company owns in a given organization. Such stake gives such a person or organization the power to make important decisions such as voting in the organization. The difference between common stock and preferred stock is that every stakeholder in case of bankruptcy has to be paid first before the common stock holder receives anything. Politics play a critical role in the success of any given organization. This can be attributed to the fact that all actions of an organization have to adhere to the

Country Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Country Analysis - Essay Example This paper attempts to review all the relevant factors that need to be considered with regard to starting a business in Taiwan for a foreign company. In the process it will also take into consideration other factors like demography, religion, ethics, the level of corruption, and any other relevant factor that needs to be considered for an American company to start operations in Taiwan. Formosa was under the jurisdiction of the Dutch government for 38 years. The Portuguese people however are the ones responsible for giving the island its name Ilha Formosa which translates to â€Å"beautiful isle.† This island is more popularly known by its Chinese name which is Taiwan. It was in 1683 that it came under the rule of the Chinese government via the Manchu dynasty. Taiwan is just one of the countries in Asia that is being surrounded by water. This is one of the characteristics of Asian countries that make it appealing to other neighboring countries from other continents. Being under the governance of the Dutch, Chinese and Japanese, Taiwan held a very promising possibility for multinational companies to venture business in (Shackleton, 1-5). Geert Hofstede was one of the pioneers in understanding the importance of culture in an international environment. This critically acclaimed sociologist and researcher has laid the foundation for cross cultural studies, especially in the area of cross-cultural management (Phan, and Butler 231-260). The cultural environment of the country will be hence based on the cultural dimensions as studied by Hofstede. Other sociologists have also stressed on the importance of culture. Unless an foreign or different culture is understood, managers from other countries could experience what is known as culture clash or shock (Hofstede 20). This has to be avoided in order to bring about a smooth working relationship between diverse cultures whether in business or

Autonomy and motivation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Autonomy and motivation - Assignment Example Paradigm This research paper has utilized mixed research method Research Questions: The first question and probably one of the most difficult facets of any research task is the recognition of suitable research questions. Research questions are a pivotal and essential part of any quantitative research. The process of identification for qualitative research that is discussed in chapter 6, is quite dissimilar than for quantitative research (Deci and Ryan, 1985). For example, questions are usually not as narrowly constrained as they are in quantitative studies when keeping with the goals of research in qualitative studies. Questions should be interesting in that they address current and emerging issues; they need to be sufficiently constrained and narrow so that they can be answered at the same time in the same manner. Broad research questions can be easier said than done if not impossible to attend to without breaking them down into smaller questions that are answerable. Ethical conside ration As discussed by Deci and Flaste (1995), in most educational settings, one ought to obtain permission from a committee of human research before recruiting volunteers for a research project or before conducting any research (page 16). DÃ" §rnyei (1994) describes mixed methods research as a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in a single research project. The two approaches have been identified already and there is no need replicate their main features. The methodology used was the sampling of population taken into consideration to get their responses on the contentious issues. The first batch of respondents was gotten from nine different departments of parents. Those in real estate and the building industry, structural engineering, management, hotel management, English, mechanical engineering, bilingual studies and maritime studies. The total population of the respondents was 508. Most of those interviewed were graduates and diploma holders (Dickson, 1995). Inst rumentation According to Holec (1981), typically there are two distinct types of instruments of survey data collection: interviews and questionnaires. Questionnaire instrument is given in written form, and are used where information is to be got or collected from a large number of individuals. On the other hand, interviews are orally administered and are used in cases where there is need for in-depth information from a smaller group of individuals. The instrument used to gather the information was a questionnaire. The questionnaire had four sections. Each section had its own set of information that was to be submitted at the end. The first section was to determine who was responsible, between the teachers and the students should be the one to facilitate various aspects under learning both in and out of the classroom situation according to the students’ preferences. The second section was to determine the specific views according to the students on their own abilities to carry out similar learning aspects in and out of the classroom. The third aspect aimed at gauging the amount of motivation the students could afford to uphold in learning situation, especially of the English language. The fourth section set out to find out the actual activities the learners engaged in under both the classroom and outside class environment that could be considered as a manifestation of the subject

Despite Criticisms Essay Example for Free

Despite Criticisms Essay 1. Despite criticisms, the classical approach to business management is still relevant today. Discuss one example to support this statement. (25%) Classical approach on management can be in terms of three major perspective: scientific management, Bureaucracy and administrative principles, which are emphasis on purpose and formal structure, for instance, planing of work, technical requirements of organisation, principles of management, etc. Although this idea was emerged at 19th century, it does influence the management style today and some of its ideas are still relevant. UPS, a well-known shipping, freight and logistics company globally, which is a very good example of using classical approach to their management in nowadays business, especially in the bureaucracy aspect. UPS is not only follow the idea of Max Weber (1864 1920), the advocate of the idea of bureaucracy and also a sociologist, that the separation of management and ownership like many companies today, but also focus on the impersonal and rational management. UPS set out a huge amount of rules, procedures and regulations on every departments, for example, They teach their drivers 340 steps for how to deliver a package correctly, such as how to load the truck, fasten their seat belt, walk, carry their keys, etc. Strict dress code is a must: clean uniform, black or brown polished shoes with nonslip soles, no beard, no hair below the collar, no tattoo visible during deliveries, and so on. They also has well division of labour: specialized drivers, loaders, clerks, washers, sorters and main tenance personnel. All of them have to do formal record keeping, like, drivers have daily worksheets that specify performance goals and work output. When UPS want to hiring or promote employees, technical qualification is the main criterion. UPS use those impersonal management style to avoid irrationality in order to be more efficient and adaptable to change, because continuity is related to formal structure and positions rather then particular person who may leave or even die. Also, those rules and procedures provide a standard way of dealing with employees. Hence, everyone gets equal treatment, and everyone knows what the rules are, this has enabled them to become efficient as well. Although, classical approach contribute a lot in todays management, it ignore the humanistic factory and psychological need. It may cause other problems, for instance, over relying on technical qualification ignore the human aspect, since working ability cannot only be measured by technical qualification. Moreover, If organisations lose the balance, employees may be frustrated by endless rules and red tape which may eventually lower the effectiveness. And it makes work become boring and repetitive, employees become a cog of a big machines, that would lead to high levels of absenteeism and labour turnover. That the reason why classical approach is not the mainstream of todays management, although its still relevant.

Improving Access to Mental Health Services in New Zealand

Improving Access to Mental Health Services in New Zealand FINLEY FERNAN L. ORDENIZA IMPROVEMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH ACCESS FOR SERVICES AND ITS WELLBEING FOR MAORI PEOPLE ABSTRACT Mental Health and wellness promotion is not a fresh concept for Maori people here in New Zealand, but rather it is new on terms of mental health services that focused more on diseases in the past. Maori people got so many practices and one of them are â€Å"tapu† and noa, manakitanga†, it is a philosophy and native practice of caring for their family when sick and not well. The treaty of Waitangi 1840 was to provide protection and to enhance the wellbeing of the natives in New Zealand called â€Å"tangata whenau†. However the government was trying to deal with different Maori groups to resolve the grievances in the past but then it contributed to as risk factor that affects the mental health/ state of individuals. Nowadays, a distinct view is arising of how the Maori people wanted to view themselves in medium term and the wellness and mental health mean in the perspective of the Treaty, they claim that there was a great improvement on their health except for their mental health as long as the Crown would properly addressed and agrees the socioeconomic, justice and educational issues of the self-determination (tino rangatiratanga) by Maori. According to District Health Board report in 2009/10, approximately 120,293 individuals sought for mental health services and 116,645 of these individuals were seen by the District Health Board while 12,256 clients was by the Non-government Organization, and a great increase by 8.1% from 2008/09 on the total counts of individuals seen. Noticeably 54% of those individuals seen were male. Overall the clients identified as having the highest numbers sought mental health services are the Maori people by 22.4%. Demographically speaking according to the report it shows 2.7 times people living on the deprived area seen by the mental health services compare to the least deprived areas. INTRODUCTION Working as a Community Support Worker in IHC and dealing with those intellectually and mentally challenged clients inspire and helps me in choosing this topic for my research on how things need to be for the improvement of the mental health access for services and its wellbeing specifically for Maori people in line to the Treaty of Waitangi and analysing vital ethics and power cultural safety principles on healthcare practice. Mental health as defined by the World Health Organization is a state of wellbeing of an individual realizing his/her own potential, how an individual copes with the normal stresses in life, on how an individual work productively and lastly able to contribute something to his/her own community. In addition to that, World Health Organization emphasizes the meaning of health, wherein for them it was the overall state of a person’s physical, mental, social aspects and not purely the non-existence of disease or illness. To start with, knowing and understanding the nature and extent of Maori’s mental health should be taken in consideration first to meet their mental health needs and effectively handle Maori’s mental disorders and health problems. Te Rau Hinengaro, a New Zealand Mental Health survey provides vital information and track the trends for the past years till present though this survey report focus more on adult Maoris ranging from 16 years old and over and these result help the authorities track what should be done concerning Maori’s mental health and accessing Mental Health services. On this survey they found vital facts learned that one in every three Maori adults met the criteria for at least one mental disorder on the past 12 months and half of the Maori had been experiencing mental health illness in their lifetime. They also learned that in Maori, developing a single mental health illness was usual. The came out with a conclusion that socioeconomic status of Maori was vital that affects their mental health, and mental health illnesses are most common to Maori people aged 16-44 years old but less common within older age group. Maori women had larger occurrence of having metal health disorder compare to men. Though having higher number affected with mental disorder/illness on Maoris, the number of Maoris who seek health services are lower than non-Maori people. ANALYSIS The topic and issue was all about improvement on the access of mental health services by New Zealanders specifically the tangata whenau or the indigenous people called Maori with proper acknowledgement of Te Tiriti or Waitangi and its respective principles that governs the entire characteristics of mental health service provision. Wherein the Mental Health Commission recognizes the importance of this Treaty as the original outline for relations between the Crown and the Maori people. As a healthcare service provider, the significance of this issue was it open our minds on the existing problem that Maori people experiencing nowadays, in contrary with the Treaty implications wherein it says in article one that with regards to the public funding and delivery of mental health services, it needs significant consultation with the Maori people and they should by involve in the development of those services. The other thing was in article two about Maoris self-determination that gives Maori people with more chances to establish and implement strategies and services that would enhance mental health services, Maoris wellbeing outcomes and mental health status. And lastly, the article three of these implications that the Crown make sure that the Maori receive the same rights of citizenship and benefits that includes the equal access to mental health services, the equal health and wellbeing outcomes, accessible mainstream mental health services that meets Maoris needs. According to the result from the analysis of Te Rau Hinengaro 2003/04 27, it illustrates the Maori people generally have higher rates of mental disorders than non-Maori people and higher level of need for mental health services is not currently met. Continuous and consistent effort should be needed to create pathways of care, the environments and workforce to effective for Maori mental health service users and their family. Whanau Ora carries all Maori aspirations about mental health and delivers an approach that establish whanau capability and gives assistance for Maori families to attain their overall health and wellbeing. For these services to be efficient for the Maori people, they need to meet the comprehensive health and mental needs of the service user in their whanau setting. They should also recognize the contexts of the service user’s being and objectives. Distinguished a Maori world sight in rendering the service and approach appropriately in Maori’s culture, able to point out the barriers to Maori who access mental health services and surge access for Maori to equal access to mental health services. At present, the government proposed a change based on the manual created named Blueprint 2, it emphasizes the recovery approach and the initiative to offer access mental health services for Maori people that are moved by mental health issues here in New Zealand. The Government are focusing on the needs of the Maori people with mental health issues notably influence their total health and their capacity to be effective neither at home and work. The government also was conscious in terms of the benefits if early response and recognition to achieve positive result for Maori people and for society. Latest survey shows that New Zealand still one of the highest suicidal rates among the youth in a developed world and disparities in mental health outcomes for Maori and Non-Maori people. This Blueprint 2 according to the government will help achieve better vision and outcome in the future especially for Maori people, as they emphasize that â€Å"mental health and wellbeing is everyoneâ€℠¢s business†, putting the phase for the future wherein people concerned does their part in protecting and refining mental health and wellbeing. At the government believes that mental health and wellbeing shows a vital role in building a well-effective and useful society. When this proposal would be successfully implemented, heaps of great improvement to Maori’s mental health due to access to services would happen. Some of these are, Maori people suffering from mental health issues doesn’t need to wait for help; they become partners in the process of care; mental health issues will be accepted and treated accordingly on the entire life-course; they would experience good mental health due to hand on hand partnership of the government and the community. Providing an overview of the ‘best practice’ trends for managing the issue is to recognize and create efficient management Maori’s mental health problems. Though it is known that mental health problems are common to them but unfortunately their needs were not met appropriately especially accessing mental health services here in New Zealand. Determining mental health issues and delivering immediate services to Maori people should be considered as the main concern. Rendering most effective level of mental health service to them, the government should acknowledged sole viewpoint in Maori’s culture. They should determine Maori’s perception on how they deal with mental health problems and how they do it prior on rendering this mental health services to them. The Ministry of Health here in New Zealand are trying all the best shots in dealing with mental health problems within Maori people and the accessibility of mental health services but not enough to say that the project was a success. There are heaps of things should be done and changes in terms of accessible mental health services and the government should take in consideration to recognize that there is higher occurrence of mental health disorders within Maori people and their needs for having the said treatment was increasingly unmet as well; the government should prioritize Maori people when determining mental health illnesses/disorders and prioritize them when rendering early actions; the government should recognize that there is a difference within Maori people on how they see the health problem as a whole, their knowledge regarding mental health problem and their treatment goals based on their culture and beliefs; ensuring care rendered to them is culturally in a right manner a nd lastly create a partnership with Maori healthcare providers and treatment should be acceptable to clients culture and their whanau. In addition, in terms of accepting mental health problems in Maori, mostly they exhibit mental health disorder likely the same way with non-Maori clients but healthcare provider should welcome appearance including much spiritual and physical manifestations of suffering. Majority of health professionals should be conscious with these manifestations to be able to search for expert advice to clear the problem and render proper actions. Having an effective communication between health professionals and clients is a meaningful aspect to be able to distinguish mental health problem/ disorder and so appropriate mental health services will be rendered as early as possible depending on client’s needs. Providing enough time to establishing therapeutic relationship is vital on the entire process. Like for example the GP would introduce himself properly and knowing his/her client well, the GP should dig more deeply the client’s background, culture, about client’s family/ wha nau and create good connection. Providing the client all the time and patiently listening to client’s story contribute as well for a successful treatment process. And the other thing was, the GP or healthcare provider should take into account that mental health problems usually go along with substance abuse problems and clients/ individuals may encounter heaps of mental health problems at the same time. Analysing the ethics and power cultural safety used on healthcare practice the government should recognize different principles for better understanding and as a guide on rendering mental health care services to Maori people. The first principle was, the cultural safety’s goal was to enhance the New Zealanders wellbeing and relates entire relationships by emphasizing positive health consequences and health improvements, healthcare providers including nurses and GP’s should recognize Maori’s beliefs and customs compared to other non-Maori clients like for instance and this could be according to their age or group, sexuality, sexual preference, profession and social and economic status, ethnic foundation, spiritual belief and disability. The second principle of cultural safety aims to improve the provision of health and disability services by having a culturally safe healthcare professional workforce in a way like recognizing the power connection between the service provider and the individuals who are using the health services. The healthcare professional acknowledge and works together with other people after undertaking a thorough process of institutional and own analysis and enabling the service users. Individuals should be able to convey degrees of identified hazard or safety. Helping healthcare professionals to comprehend the diversity throughout their own cultural reality and the effect of that to any individuals who varies in some other way from themselves. Concerning social science models that strengthen the art of healthcare practice, wherein understanding that healthcare practice is further than carrying out the duty but rather it is more on responding and relating effectively to individuals with varied nee ds in such a way that the people who uses the health services can characterize as safe. The third principle of cultural safety is general in its application by accepting the disparities within healthcare communications that signifies the microcosm of disparities in health that have existed throughout history and inside our nation and more largely on addressing the source and result association of history, politics, socioeconomic status, housing, education, sexuality, personal experiences of individuals using health services. In addition, recognizing the validity of disparity and diversity in people’s attitudes and social structure and recognizing the behaviour and beliefs, guidelines and customs of health and disability service providers can turn as barriers on accessing the services concerning quality development on rendering the service and service user’s rights. Lastly the fourth principle concerning cultural safety has an attached emphasis on comprehending the effect of the healthcare professional as a carrier of his/her own culture; the history, behaviour and life experiences. Challenging healthcare provider to assess their custom carefully, accepting the power relationship in healthcare is biased toward the health and disability service provider. This principle emphasize on balancing the power connections in healthcare practice so that every client receives an efficient service, prepare healthcare professionals to decide any tension between the cultures of healthcare professional and the service users. Recognizing that those power imbalances can be assessed, bargained and changed to render equitable, efficient and appropriate delivery of service wherein it lowers the risk to the people who may then estranged from the service. This principle highlights that result on understanding of self, the rights of other people and validity of dispari ties and it should support the healthcare professional with skills in working with different type of people. REFERENCES Word Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/ Mental Health Commission (June 2012). Retrieved from http://www.hdc.org.nz/media/207642/blueprint%20ii%20how%20things%20need%20to%20be.pdf Ministry of Health. 2013. Mental Health and Addiction: Service use 2009/10. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/mental-health-and-addiction-service-use-2009-10 Best Practice Journal. Recognising and managing mental health problems in MÄ ori. Retrieved from http://www.bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2010/June/mentalhealth.aspx â€Å"Oakley Browne M, Wells J, Scott K, (eds). Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health; 2006.† â€Å"Ministry of Health. Te Puawaitanga: Maori mental health national strategic framework. Wellington: Ministry of Health; 2002.†

Hallucinogens :: social issues

Hallucinogens Hallucinogens mess with your brain they alter how the brain perceives time, reality, and your environment. They also affect your senses like hearing and seeing. This can make you think that you are seeing stuff and feeling things that don’t even exist. Using Hallucinogens makes your heart rate and blood pressure increase. Hallucinogens may put you into a coma. They can also cause heart and lung failure. Hallucinogens can change the way that you feel emotionally. They may also make you feel suspicious, confused, and disorientated. Hallucinogens affect self-control there impact vary from time to time so there’s no way to know how much self control you’ll be able to keep. They can cause you to be violent and/or aggressive, make meaningless movements, lose control of your muscles, and mix up your speech. It’s really easy to develop a tolerance to Hallucinogens so eventually it will take more of the drug to get the same effect that you used to get from a little of the drug. This is dangerous because taking large amounts of the same drug can lead to overdose with severe effects. Mescaline Mescaline is the psychoactive ingredient of the peyote cactus. Ecstasy is the common name used. Some nicknames are E, X, and XTC. Ecstasy is actually a mixture of mescaline and methamphetamine. Ecstasy may give a short-term feeling of euphoria but can result in confusion, depression, paranoia, psychosis, increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and cause long-term damage to brain cells. Some effects are also influenced by thoughts, environment, and people who are with you when you take the drug. Vivid changes in color and form occur. Sometimes the user becomes disoriented loses sense of time, place, and identity or has sensations of knowing and feeling what everything in life (and life itself) is all about. Emotions from the past, present, and future flood the user’s mind. Depression, weakness and lack of muscular coordination, anxiety or paranoia, trembling, nausea, dizziness, facial flushing, and dilated pupils are other symptoms that someone is using this drug. Some health problems are long-term damage to brain cells, and increase in heart-rate and blood pressure. Tolerance develops quickly causing you to need more and more X to get the same effect that one pill used to give you. This makes the risk of overdosing very high. Mescaline has no positive uses, People take this drug to have a good time and be cool.

Sight and Blindness in Shakespeares King Lear - Lack of Vision Essay

Sight and Blindness in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play.    These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to "see" the clearest. While Lear's "blindness" is one which is metaphorical, the blindness of Gloucester, who carries the parallel plot of the play, is literal. Nevertheless, both characters suffer from an inability to see the true nature of their children, an ability only gained once the two patriarchs have plummeted to the utter depths of depravity. Through a close reading of the text, I will argue that Shakespeare employs the plot of Gloucester to explicate Lear's plot, and, in effect, contextualizes Lear's metaphorical blindness with Gloucester's physical loss of vision.    When the audience is first introduced to Lear, he is portrayed as a raging, vain old man who can not see the purity of his daughter Cordelia's love for him from the insincerity of her sisters Goneril and Regan. In his fiery rage after disowning Cordelia, Lear commands to Kent, "Out of my sight!" (1.1.156). Kent fittingly implores the aging king to "See better, Lear; and let me still remain / The true blank of thine eye" (1.1.157-8). Kent recognizes love in its most noble form in the person of Cordelia, and is able to see through the hypocrisy of Lear's other two daughters. In beseeching Lear to "[s]ee better," Kent is, in effect, asking Lear to look beyond his vanity and inward pride to see the honesty of Cordelia, who refuses... ... Consulted:    Bevington, David, "Introduction to King Lear."   The Complete Works of William   Shakespeare.   New York:   HarperCollins, 1992.    Elton, William R. King Lear and the Gods.   San Marino, California: The Huntington Library, 1966.    Halio, Jay.   " King Lear's Blinding." Shakespeare Quarterly 67 (1999):   221-3.      Hoover, Claudette.   "Women, Centaurs, and Devils in King Lear."   Women's Studies 16 (1989):   349-59.    Jackson, Ken. "Review of Judy Kronenfeld, King Lear and the Naked Truth." Early Modern Literary Studies 6.2 (September, 2002): 10.1-5 Available: http://purl.oclc.org/emls/06-2/jackrev.htm>.    Leggattt, Alexander.   King Lear.   Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988.    Shakespeare, William.   King Lear.   The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David   Bevington.   New York:   HarperCollins, 1999    Sight and Blindness in Shakespeare's King Lear - Lack of Vision Essay Sight and Blindness in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play.    These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to "see" the clearest. While Lear's "blindness" is one which is metaphorical, the blindness of Gloucester, who carries the parallel plot of the play, is literal. Nevertheless, both characters suffer from an inability to see the true nature of their children, an ability only gained once the two patriarchs have plummeted to the utter depths of depravity. Through a close reading of the text, I will argue that Shakespeare employs the plot of Gloucester to explicate Lear's plot, and, in effect, contextualizes Lear's metaphorical blindness with Gloucester's physical loss of vision.    When the audience is first introduced to Lear, he is portrayed as a raging, vain old man who can not see the purity of his daughter Cordelia's love for him from the insincerity of her sisters Goneril and Regan. In his fiery rage after disowning Cordelia, Lear commands to Kent, "Out of my sight!" (1.1.156). Kent fittingly implores the aging king to "See better, Lear; and let me still remain / The true blank of thine eye" (1.1.157-8). Kent recognizes love in its most noble form in the person of Cordelia, and is able to see through the hypocrisy of Lear's other two daughters. In beseeching Lear to "[s]ee better," Kent is, in effect, asking Lear to look beyond his vanity and inward pride to see the honesty of Cordelia, who refuses... ... Consulted:    Bevington, David, "Introduction to King Lear."   The Complete Works of William   Shakespeare.   New York:   HarperCollins, 1992.    Elton, William R. King Lear and the Gods.   San Marino, California: The Huntington Library, 1966.    Halio, Jay.   " King Lear's Blinding." Shakespeare Quarterly 67 (1999):   221-3.      Hoover, Claudette.   "Women, Centaurs, and Devils in King Lear."   Women's Studies 16 (1989):   349-59.    Jackson, Ken. "Review of Judy Kronenfeld, King Lear and the Naked Truth." Early Modern Literary Studies 6.2 (September, 2002): 10.1-5 Available: http://purl.oclc.org/emls/06-2/jackrev.htm>.    Leggattt, Alexander.   King Lear.   Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988.    Shakespeare, William.   King Lear.   The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David   Bevington.   New York:   HarperCollins, 1999   

Feasibility Study Essay

This study is developed to provide an entrepreneur with potential investment opportunity in setting up and operating a bar restaurant offering a variety of food and beverages items and accompanied by a quality service to the general public. This feasibility study gives an insight into various aspects of planning, setting up and operating a bar restaurant for the general populace. The study is designed to provide relevant details (including technical) to help entrepreneur in decision making by providing various technical as well as business alternatives. The study also allows flexibility to change various project parameters to suit the needs of an entrepreneur and the target market. Brief Background of the Study A bar restaurant is a food service establishment that serves food, non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks — beer, wine, liquor, and cocktails — for consumption on the premises. Bar restaurants provide stools or chairs that are placed at tables or counters for their patrons. Some bar restaurant have entertainment on a stage, such as a live band, comedians, go-go dancers, or strippers. Bar restaurants which offer entertainment or live music are often referred to as music bars or nightclubs. Many bar restaurants have a happy hour to encourage off-peak guests. Bar restaurants that fill to capacity sometimes implement a cover charge or a minimum purchase requirement during their peak hours. Such barrestaurants often feature entertainment, which may be a live band or a disk jockey playing recorded music. The term â€Å"bar† is derived from the specialized counter on which drinks are served. Guests may sit or stand at the bar and be served by the bartender, or they may sit at tables and be served by cocktail servers. And restaurant caters complete set of meal to a target market, class of market or customers. So when the bar and restaurant were put up together, it has the expertise in serving food and beverages for their guests. The â€Å"back bar† is a set of shelves of glasses and bottles behind that counter. In some establishments, the back bar is elaborately decorated with woodwork, etched glass, mirrors, and lights. A bar restaurant’s owners and managers choose the establishment’s name, dà ©cor, drink menu, lighting, and other elements which they think will attract a certain kind of guests. However, they have only limited influence over who patronizes their establishment. Thus, a bar originally intended for one demographic profile can become popular with another. Objectives of the Study The objective of the feasibility study is primarily to facilitate us as a potential entrepreneurs in project identification for investment or putting up a business such as a bar restaurant. The project feasibility may form the basis of an important investment decision and in order to serve this objective, the document/study covers various aspects of project concept development, start-up, and production, finance and business management. The study will also determine if it is feasible for an entrepreneur to put up a bar restaurant in San Ramon Dinalupihan, Bataan. Market area, site selection, competition and financial analysis are made through observational research, surveys and literature review, and results of the analysis are concluded. Name of the Establishment In order to gain a success in establishing a food and beverage business, one should consider on creating a unique name but so easy to remember by the customers. Nowadays, you can find different establishments of food and beverages. So to be popular, you must be creative on choosing the best name for your business. Why ‘BARkada Lounge’? Barkada is a Tagalog word for friends. Having friend with someone is not that easy, it would take a while before you consider a person as one of your friends. At some point, you cannot consider even your family as a friend of yours, only if, you and her tagged a long for a while and knew each other’s secrets. In ‘BARkada Lounge’, you could bring any of your friends and you could also treat all the employees and staffs as one of your friends. Here, you can celebrate all the important occasions of your life and release the stress and burden that disturb you a lot, just like a friend. Our Logo The glass tankard with a full colourful music bar inside symbolizes for fun, entertainment and beverages. The two ovals shaped around the main logo: the red –which is outside – defines stop in our bar restaurant and; the green – which is inside – defines go and have fun inside. The stars that is about to fly defines everyone is a performer here, either you’re a singer or a dancer. Our Mission To provide a fun and entertaining bar restaurant service with top quality food that will exceed the customer’s expectations. Our Vision To be known in our chosen field and recognized as one of the best establishment providing the best eminence of foods that contribute to the growth of F&B and Hospitality Industry. Site Selection This section deals with the reason for choosing the site, site analysis evaluation, general area evaluation, local area evaluation and the vicinity map. Reason for Choosing the Site A restaurant’s location is as crucial to its success as great food and service. The location of a restaurant is the bridge between your target market and your concept. The most important aspect of site selection is to assure that all factors that could possibly have any bearing on the decision are considered carefully. Selection of a suitable site should come after the restaurateur has gathered the pertinent information and organized, analyzed, and evaluated it. The investigation should be exhaustive and follow a logical process. Decision factors vary in importance depending on the individual and the type of restaurant under consideration. The decision-making process in site selection must include large amount of information assembled and presented in a clear manner. If this is not done, the chance of making a wise choice is very slim. It is necessary to know the growth patterns of neighbourhoods to determine if a particular type of restaurant will be in demand for the foresee able future. The proposed location of ‘BARkada Lounge’ is at San Ramon Dinalupihan, Bataan. Dinalupihan is a first class municipality in the province of Bataan. A wide variety of different establishments such as food chains, grocery stores, mini bar houses, and the like are located in this place where people can find entertainment and relaxation. And as the demands of the increasing and unstable needs and wants of the community, they were much eager to experience a highly adaptive dining and trendy party setting in which you can found in Dinalupihan. Since Dinalupihan is in the middle of the two leading cities in the region III, which is the Olongapo and Balanga, the accessibility to both public and private establishments will definitely make the ‘BARkada Lounge’ easily identified to the public where people can enjoy a cozy atmosphere as well as foods and beverages, whether alcoholic or non-alcoholic. Site description and evaluation is the initial element in which that of determines the overall physical development of profitable well-planned and visually attractive food and beverage service facilities. Dinalupihan is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bataan, Philippines. It is the only land-locked municipality of the province. Dinalupihan is located 95 kms. east of Manila and can be reached through the Olongapo-Gapan route via the North Luzon Expressway. The town has a total land area of 4,460.00 hectares representing 6.69% of the total land area of Bataan. It is composed of 46 barangays with a total population of 92,289 people in 14,833 households. Dinalupihan is primarily an agricultural town whose main resources are palay, sugar cane, corn, root crops, legumes and fruits including livestock and poultry. Our proposed site for our future project is located at San Ramon Dinalupihan, Bataan. It is measured as 502 square meters. With this location, we are very confident that the project will be feasible and very effective to our chosen market. The relief varies from level, rolling and hilly to mountainous especially in the south and north-western sections of the area. The terrain of the municipality is gently sloping to undulating particularly the northern portion wherein cultivated lands are located. Between the northern and southern fringes are areas moderately sloping to rolling land with some scattered steep hills. The municipality is drained by numerous rivers and small streams with very few meanders radiating and sloping from the mountain groups down to the sea draining the whole area efficiently. Local Area Evaluation The study of our chosen location’s trading area, traffic, complementary and competing outlets, and vulnerability; parking surroundings, area changes, and cost meet our proposed needs as an entrepreneur. Visibility concerns the ability of potential shoppers to enjoy an unobstructed view of a store or its sign from a number of vantage points.It also considers ease of entrance and exit from the site. Local signage ordinances should be check and it is very useful to use the presence of distinguishing landmarks for an accurate direction of the site. Visibility is extremely important to the quality service food industry and popular-priced bar restaurants, because high visibility allows the consumer more time to change lanes and navigate the entrance to an eatery’s parking lot. The site is undeniably accessible to main arteries as the municipality’s public market going to Capitol Drive on the right side and vice versa. Locationally, accessibility represents the ease with which people move into and out of an area and, more particularly, into and out of a specific location. When determining accessibility, it is necessary to consider major and minor traffic arteries, number of lanes, speed limits, turn signals, turning lanes, curb cuts, and traffic backup, congestion points, and the existence of median strips. The value of a location also depends the accessibility of both public and private modes of transportation, such as customers and suppliers, to and from the site. The ‘BARkada Lounge’ will be very easy for residents and non-residents of the area to find, with the adequacy and potential of vehicular or passenger is unquestionably high, as we go with the flow of the continuous economy growth in the Municipality of Dinalupihan. Through pipe system, the Dinalupihan Water District has the full charge of water supply distribution in the area. The most common source of water is its ground water. Hence, the water supply in the Municipality of Dinalupihan is very sufficient. Major telephone companies servicing the town are Digital Telecommunications (Digitel) and Bayan Telecommunications (BayanTel). Cellular phones are also available through Smart/TalknText, Globe/Touch Mobile, Sun Cellular and Mobiline. Radio Communications Philippines, Inc. (RCPI), provides telegram and telegraph services. Electricity is provided by Peninsula Electric Cooperative (PENELCO). The Dinalupihan Water District serves 19 barangays while other areas use free-flowing pumps and deep wells. The town has a total of 8 banks, 7 schools, 3 hospitals/health facilities, and 4 recreational facilities. Traffic Counts The study consists of data collection, including existing traffic volumes and turning movement counts, projected traffic volumes and the identification of required improvements such as traffic calming devices. This information can be gathered either by an automated tube counter or manually by a County staff which pertains to position personnel who perform traffic counts at intersections, usually during the time in which rush hour arises, to count and record the volume of traffic passing through and turning movements of the vehicles through an intersection. Traffic counts were performed by researchers on the day and hours they predicted that might peak day or hours will occur. The number of vehicles that passed by the site was shown at the table below. ‘BARkada Lounge’ was based on the economic status of these people who will be our future target market as indicated by the type of vehicle they are in.

Comparative Research on Cross-Cultural Families Essay

1. Reference or bibliographic entry of your selected article in APA style (see example in the first assignment guidelines): Toro-Morn, M., & Sprecher, S. (2003). A cross-cultural comparison of mate preferences among university students; the united states vs. the people’s republic of china (PRC). Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34(2), 151-170. 2. What are the aims and/or research questions of the study? The research of the cross-cultural study aims their question at comparing mate preferences of young adults in the People’s Republic of China and those young adults of the United States. This study correlates to the research done in 1998 by Goodwin, which examine the political and economic structure in a particular culture and the effect it had on relationships, in particular mate preferences. 3. What concepts or ideas did the authors want to study? How were they defined in the study? Read through the literature background or the introduction part. The article states the researchers have three concepts they wish to obtain from the study. One, within each culture analyzes gender variation in mate preferences. Second, differentiate the two cultures in which they are satisfied with gender differences in mate preferences. Third, differentiate the two cultures of the significance of diverse partner characteristics. The concepts were outlined and explain through a questionnaire to 648 university students in the United States and 735 university students in the People’s Republic of China. The United States questionnaire contained 422 females, 219 males, and 7 did not specify their gender. The People’s Republic of China questionnaire contained 343 females, 352 males, and 40 did not specify their gender. The questionnaire contained a section called â€Å"Traits Desired in a Mate.† Through the results, researchers could determine which traits were least and most important. Also the differences and similarities within each culture, including the mate preferences of women versus males within each culture. 4. Describe the participants of the study. Since you are supposed to choose an article of a cross-cultural study on families, the participants for this study should have different cultural backgrounds. What are these cultural backgrounds? What are the demographics of the participants? This study contained two different participants, our very own young adults from the United States and young adults from the People’s Republic of China. In the late 1970s, The People’s Republic of China began having social and economic reforms. Not only did they began having reforms, but these reforms stimulated the growth of social science research. Which as a result, allowed researchers to research the mate preferences of young adults in the People’s Republic of China. The People’s Republic of China is recognize as the largest country in the world. Thus, having an immense population. These people live in a country were social and historical forces play an important role in their expectations of their potential partner. In addition they live in a country were government enforces family polices. This study contain people who were currently in a university; thus their age would range from eighteen to twenty three. 5. What is the authors’ methodology? How did the authors collect their data? What are the measurements or research tools that they used? The author’s methodology is based on a method, a procedure, measurements of the procedure, and results. The author collected their data by a questionnaire given to university students in the United States and the People’s Republic of China. The measurements the researchers used were in a section on the questionnaire called â€Å"Traits Desired in a Mate† which determine what characteristics they found important in a potential mate. 6. What kind of analytical procedures did the authors use? Describe each as to how they can answer the research questions or achieve the aims of the study. The author uses three types of analytical procedures. They first gather their research by determining which of the twenty-five traits were most and least favored overall. They put this data into a table, which  portrays the importance rating for the total sample. Secondly, they compared the similarities and differences within each culture. As a result, they are able compare each culture traits that hold high or low importance and see if any of them are the same. Third, they compare the mate preferences for women and men in each culture. 7. What are their general findings and conclusions? The study concluded that participants would rather have a mate who is honest, kind, healthy, and have an energetic personality. Researchers found that participants felt that intrinsic personality traits were more important then status characteristics. Males were more entranced with attractiveness as a role in finding their mate. Well women in both culture were looking for men with earning potential and wealth. The major difference between the United States and Chinese cultures was the importance of having children to both parties. As you could imagine, it was important to the American culture and was fairly unimportant to the Chinese counterparts. 8. After the findings and conclusions, what recommendations were made by the researchers? I don’t know if there were recommendations made as much as thoughts for the future. The researchers though that the past has shaped both countries enough that what they look for in a potential mate will stay true. These differences between the two countries should still hold true, disregarding the fact that the Untied States culture is widely accepted in China. If anything they came to the conclusion that China’s one-child policy has a major effect on how the Chinese look for a mate. 9. What learning did you gain from this assignment or from reading this kind of a paper? I definitely enjoyed reading this particular article because it compared the United States culture (which is the country I lived in) to another culture, the People’s Republic of China. Through the researchers questionnaire, I was able to see the comparisons between the two cultures in their mate  preferences. I felt it was interesting to see how important social and economic factors are in other cultures.