Three Eras, Three Novels Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shelly, Well, Hu

Progress is a distinctive venture of man. The constant need to predict and control, instrumented by scholarship and technology, has led to astonishing possibilities for which the long term consequences are unpredictable. There is, however, no ultimate goal of progress and as limits continue to be broken, the boundaries of benevolent interference in nature are expanding indefinitely. Ein truthwhere, there is a sense of the unconquerable forces unwittingly evoked to serve the project of progress, bringing the project itself into question. This composition has produced three novels that suggest the improvidence of mans quest for authority from natural law they are Frankenstein, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, H.G. Wells The Time Machine, and Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley. The offer of progress is to attain greater control everyplace the environment, allowing man a sense of certainty and security. With more and more conveniences and enlightenments given by science and technology , man hopes to reign in the natural forces that affect him. Aldous Huxley imagines the state of these ideals several centuries into the future A society in which everything is contained and regulated, down to free will itself. The very motto of the state is community, identity, stability (1). Their Science has advanced on our current remedies insofar that humans fall into a mental state or take in which the varieties of expression and behavior of that individual become restricted total human inhibition. The idea of a one world government seems ridiculous, because humans over the course of history have rejected such totalitarian governments over and over in the past. In Huxleys world, however, the people have completely submitted to the order. The people of this ad... ...kind meddles in natures affairs to create a world of his own design, the effects of his actions are monumental. Man would do better to understand his place as a species with no control, and without the ability to p redict or to understand the effects of experimentation on the natural world. No issuing the era, mans push towards progression happens on a daily basis. Whether it be not asking for directions and failed attempts to find a location, spending hours on craigslist for parts to their projects, or creating machines, even creating humans to better present progressionman will not stop. These novels throughout the centuries have become clear methods of the wrong doings that led from excessive progression, but no matter the date man will continue to look for answers but with the help of Wells, Shelley and Huxley, perhaps they wont overstep their boundaries.

Suez Crisis :: Papers

Suez Crisis Anthony promised land was Prime Minister at the time of the Suez Crisis in 1956. His political career began in 1923 and by 1926 he had become a parliamentary private secretary at the Foreign Office. He was very(prenominal) involved with the League of Nations, believing in their principles and at the age of 38, became Foreign Secretary. At this time international affairs were seen as being aggressive and Anthony Eden was forced to resign from Neville Chamberlains G everyplacenment over his policy of appeasement. He joined the Government during World War Two and became Secretary of State for war under Churchill. After the war times were very difficult with the Cold War at its peak and trouble in the Middle East. Colonel Nasser became dictator of Egypt in 1954 after leading a successful vicissitude against King Farouk. British troops left Egypt for the first time since 1882, and as soon as they had gone, Nasser declared the Suez canal to be the property of the Egyptian Government. The Suez Canal was a vital shipping route for oil being brought to Britain. Eden wrongly saw Colonel Nasser as the next Hitler and was determined to make a underpin against him. Nasser has a finger on our wind pipe, he remarked. Nasser was going to be taught a lesson. Nasser was seen as a nationalist who was determined to rid Egypt of immaterial influence and make Egypt the Arab worlds leading state. He had tried to buy arms from the West but eventually had to buy them from Czechoslovakia and western powers were concerned that Nasser was leading Egypt towards communism. His exaltation of the Suez Canal was justified in his mind by the refusal of Britain and US to finance his ambitious project to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile. In Source A, Eden says Nasser is not a man who can be trusted, and also we all know this is how dictators behave and we all remember the cost of giving in to Hitler. This shows that Eden cannot help

The Push Mower From Hell :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

The Push Mower From Hell Its time to get up, son. Youve got work to do today. My fathers gravelly voice brought my reluctant subconscious out of the realm of its nonbelligerent slumber. How dare he, I wondered to myself, interrupt my rest and force me awake on the most sacred of days the Cartoon Sabbath. Still slightly disoriented, I went into the kitchen to run myself a bowl of Cheerios and plant myself in front of a Winnie the Pooh rerun. I had scarcely finished my third bowl when my father returned, somewhat angered. I swear that I told you that we were going to do some yardwork today. How about coming out and lending a hand? I agreed meekly, owing to the fact that I had no desire to risk conflict with my father. After brushing my teeth and slapping on a tee shirt, shorts, and shoes, I trudged outside. The hot summer sun bill down heavily on the back of my neck. Because of a combination of heat and fatigue, I felt as if I were drunk. I staggered over to the riding l awnmower, relieved by the thought of being able to sit down while appeasing my parents at the alike(p) time. My brother, the impish little troll that he is, having the same idea, had already confiscated the mower for his own selfish gain. He had left for the lot next door, which was easy to cut compared to the banks that I was left with. I gave him an evil descry that shouted my disapproval of his actions and marched towards the much hated, seldom used push mower. The push mower was an angry, rust ridden, hostile beast of ill intent. I dont think any matchless in my family ever expected to have to use the beast, so it became more like a family joke to see whom we could stick it to each time grass needed to be cut. It was temperamental and took at least five minutes of heavy pulling on the unforgiving cord to finally get it started. It had at one time been a self propelled mower, but the chain broke long ago, leaving a free spinning gear rotating dangerously near the operators pitiful appendages. The machine gave off a low threatening growl, reminding us to approach it with a certain amount of animosity, if not respect.

Multiple Sclerosis :: essays research papers

Multiple SclerosisJason Garoutte November 18, 1996 English / Mr. BluntMultiple sclerosis is one of the well-nigh misunderstood indispositions of thiscentury. Since its discovery, there is still no known causes, no proventreatments, and no known cure, yet it affects possibly five hundred thousandpeople in the United States alone. People need to learn more about this disorderso it can be brought to the attention of the nation.Multiple Sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system. It destroysthe fatty myelin sheath that insulates your nerve cells. Without thisinsulation, nerve communication is disrupted. The body then makes this worse byrepairing it, and clogging the area with scribble tissue. Signals going from yourbrain and brain stem, such as muscle coordination signals or visual sensationsignals, are slowed greatly, or just blocked off. Thus, a mortal afflicted withMultiple Sclerosis can suffer any number of symptoms.Researchers are not sure yet as to the cause of Mul tiple Sclerosis. at that placeis a kind of deadlock among scientists and doctors whether its hereditary,viral, or a combination of the two, with the disease being hereditary, but witha viral trigger, or just a sincere chemical imbalance in the immune system. Onething is certain, though. Some sort of defect in the immune system causes whiteblood cells to fervency and destroy the myelin sheath.There are five main types of Multiple Sclerosis. The first type is BenignMultiple Sclerosis. It is the least severe, has little progression, and takes uptwenty dollar bill percent of all cases. The second type is Benign Relapsing-RemittingMultiple Sclerosis. It carries symptoms that fluctuate in severity, milddisability, and it makes up thirty percent of the total. The third type is chronic Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. It is characterized by disability thatincreases with each attack, and it is the most common with forty percent of allcases. Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis is the quart ern type. It hascontinuous disability that worsens as time goes by, and ten percent of all casesare this. The last type is a very rare class called exquisite Progressive MultipleSclerosis. This kind can kill in weeks or months, in contrast with the usualyears or decades.Due to the type of disease and the areas it affects, there are a greatnumber of possible symptoms. These symptoms can fool the most experiencedphysician into thinking that it is a psychological disease. The most commonsymptoms are bouts of overwhelming fatigue, loss of coordination, muscleweakness, numbness, slurred speech, and visual difficulties. These symptoms mayoccur for a number of years before one is rattling diagnosed, and these symptoms

The Legacy of Queen of Elizabeth II Essay -- Biography of Her Majesty

In every unpolished, there are individuals who have had an importance to their eon period. This importance is highlighted by the individuals background, roles, and actions. The things which I have here before promised, I will perform and keep. So help me God. The words the fairy said on her Coronation Day as she laid her hand on the bible (Bradford 4). At the young age of twenty five, Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary became tycoon. The Queen is now the second-longest reigning Monarch in England, reigning for fifty nine years thus far. From the day of her coronation until present time, her daily actions have reflected on the entire country and Commonwealth. Her impact is very significant she holds real and reserved powers for the entire Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth was born on April 21, 1926 in London. Queen Elizabeths grow was the second son to King George V, so he was not expected to become King. Her uncle, King Edward VIII, did not necessarily care for the royal du ties. He opted to propound his abdication and marry Wallis Simpson the two lived their life in exile as the Duke and Duchess of Windsor (Green 11). By doing this, his younger brother, King George VI, took over the thrown. Growing up, Elizabeth enjoyed being outdoors and move horses. Her parents were not overly pushy with her education this gave her the time to enjoy these outdoor activities. Her parents did hire a governess named Marion Crawford to overlook her and her sisters education. She was tutored in history and the extempore constitution of Great Britain, languages, and music. She was also taught about the Royal Collection of Art. Elizabeths mother thought one could take formal education too hard (Green 12-13).When World W... ...ends meetings and ceremonies. The evenings are usually reserved for meetings with prime ministers, receptions, charity events, or film premiers. Queen Elizabeth continuously fulfills royal duties, visits the Commonwealth, and attends public engag ements and ceremonies. All over the country every year, the police, civil servants, politicians, court officials, bishops, vicars and congregants swear the Oath of Allegiance to the Queen (Shawcross 91). Because the British monarchy is the oldest in Europe, Queen Elizabeth II is an importance and her legacy will everlastingly live on.Works CitedBradford, Sarah. Elizabeth A Biography of Her Majesty the Queen. London Penguin, 2002. Print.Green, Robert. Queen Elizabeth II. New York F. Watts, 1997. Print.Shawcross, William. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother The Official Biography. London Pan, 2010. Print.

The Legacy of Queen of Elizabeth II Essay -- Biography of Her Majesty

In every country, t here are individuals who have had an importance to their time period. This importance is highlighted by the individuals background, roles, and actions. The things which I have here before promised, I will perform and keep. So help me God. The words the power said on her Coronation Day as she laid her strain on the bible (Bradford 4). At the young age of twenty five, Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary became queer. The Queen is now the second-longest reigning Monarch in England, reigning for fifty golf club years thus far. From the day of her coronation until present time, her daily actions have reflected on the entire country and Commonwealth. Her impact is very significant she holds real and reticent powers for the entire Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth was born on April 21, 1926 in London. Queen Elizabeths father was the second son to King George V, so he was not expect to become King. Her uncle, King Edward VIII, did not necessarily care for the roy al duties. He opted to announce his abdication and marry Wallis Simpson the two lived their life in exile as the Duke and Duchess of Windsor (Green 11). By doing this, his younger brother, King George VI, took over the thrown. Growing up, Elizabeth enjoyed being out-of-doors and riding horses. Her parents were not overly pushy with her education this gave her the time to enjoy these outdoor activities. Her parents did hire a governess named Marion Crawford to overlook her and her sisters education. She was tutored in history and the unwritten constitution of Great Britain, languages, and music. She was also taught about the Royal Collection of Art. Elizabeths mother thought one could take formal education too seriously (Green 12-13).When World W... ...ends meetings and ceremonies. The evenings are usually reserved for meetings with prime ministers, receptions, charity events, or film premiers. Queen Elizabeth continuously fulfills royal duties, visits the Commonwealth, and attends public engagements and ceremonies. All over the country every year, the police, civil servants, politicians, court officials, bishops, vicars and congregants swear the Oath of Allegiance to the Queen (Shawcross 91). Because the British monarchy is the oldest in Europe, Queen Elizabeth II is an importance and her legacy will forever live on.Works CitedBradford, Sarah. Elizabeth A Biography of Her Majesty the Queen. London Penguin, 2002. Print.Green, Robert. Queen Elizabeth II. New York F. Watts, 1997. Print.Shawcross, William. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother The Official Biography. London Pan, 2010. Print.

How Do “an Unearthly Child” and “Rose” Introduce the Doctor Who Concept Essay

Doctor Who was designed by Sydney Newman, the director of the BBC in 1963, who was faced with a dilemma. He was to produce a program for the family audition, which could be played between a sports programme, Grandstand, and a teen pop medicine programme, Jukebox Jury. Newman wanted the programme to entertain and educate people at the identical time, in the ways of science and history. Newman, himself an adamant science-fiction fan, came up with the idea of a man, whom the people know little of, who travels around the cosmos in his 1960s glum police box, his TARDIS.However, he needed some way to get the information from the Doctor to the public. Thus he created the companion, a normal person who accompanies the Doctor on his travels. He would introduce them in the original episodes, such as Rose and An eldritch Child. 60s audiences needed a programme that was not only entertaining, but also educational, since the whole family was to watch it. It also had to be appropriate for c hildren to watch. Many families complained that the show was likewise frightening and gory. In fact, interest declined greatly if the Daleks did not feature in an episode.However, towards the late 1980s, interest bottomed out completely. The director of the programme at the time decided to take it off air. In 2005, we wanted shows that could make us ask questions, gave us an adrenaline rush or related to real life. Our tarryations of television shows, especially in science-fiction and film, bemuse arise with the new technology and special personal effects that can be employ in a programme or film. Therefore, Rose uses special effects wiz of the shows producers commented that she thought that the show may be too gory or frightening for the younger generation.The theme music was also a cause of complaint, as one mother said, The theme music alone frightens my son. A report showed that 3% of a surveyed audience found the show unsuitable for family viewing, because of the uncivil ised and frightening content. The show Doctor Who was a programme designed to educate families about space, science and history. However, nowadays, a typical family would not watch this together unless most or all of the children were teenage or grown up.We channel that a science-fiction programme should be dynamic, violent and elicit, because we want to have something to be dismayd of. It has, in recent times, leant over to the special effects and entertainment side of programmes in general, we do not expect a science-fiction programme to be educational as well as entertaining, and we feel that we only need documentaries for educating people. Doctor Who has merely become a starting time of entertainment. Rose, in Rose, is a blonde savvy East Londoner, speaks with a typical East-London accent and is a tough, here-and-now girl.Susan, in An Unearthly Child is a crazy girl, seems to be the age of a secondary school girl, but with a much higher IQ and much more intelligent. We nee d the companions to ask questions, to encourage the public learn about the Doctor. There have always been no more than 3 companions at one time who travel with the Doctor. In An Unearthly Child, the first aired episode of Doctor Who, the Doctor traps 2 teachers in the TARDIS and takes them to the planet of the Daleks with his grand-daughter, Susan. Susan is around 16 years old.She seems to be the perfect student, harmonize to the conversation which science teacher, Ian, who is worried that she may be too intelligent, and who is worried about his own intelligence has with Barbara, Susans history teacher, who is worried about her phratry life. The conversation is mixed with flashbacks of Susan in class, showing a more superior knowledge than her classmates. She has a high breathy voice, as was expected in actresses in the 1960s, and a 60s-style hair rationalize, although it is very severely cut. These are the first clues that Susan is truly and unearthly child.When Barbara voices he r worries, we are told that Susan has explained that she lives at a certain address. However, when Barbara visits to drop off a hold back that Susan has requested, there seems to be no legitimate address it is a dump site, and when Barbara asks about Susans grandfather, Susan says that he prefers not to see people, although she mentions that he is a doctor. This plants the first seeds of doubt in the viewers minds, because although the flashbacks were strange, they could have just been referring to Susan as an overly intelligent child who doesnt quite fit in with school life.We speculate that surely such an intelligent girl cannot live in a dump with only her grandfather. It also brings the viewers to worries such as, Is the grandfather a criminal, covert away like that? and Is Susan really safe, living with such an old man?. We begin to think with the history teacher. When the teachers decide to go see Susan in a classroom, we have already learnt many of her qualities. The scene cuts to a fissure of Susan in a classroom by herself. She is holding a small handheld music device to her ear and she is dancing to it.However, her dancing is not the typical 1960s dancing you would expect it is very smooth and flowing, not something the audiences would expect from a adolescent in 1963. The dancing makes her seem as if she has never heard the music before. This is another sign to show she is not really from this world. When the teachers ask her whether she would like a lift home (for it is dark), she declines the offer, saying that she likes the dark, its mysterious. She is also lent a book by Barbara, which appears to be one she has asked for. It is about the French Revolution.When scene ends, the shot is of Susan sitting on the table, holding the book and saying, Thats not right . This almost seems as if she knows better, that she may have been there. This is the first proper hint of the fact that Susan is a time traveller. The previous hints may have shown th at Susan was an odd child, that she had an active imagination. In Rose, we are introduced to Rose when she is finishing her conjure at a department store. This shows that she is short of money, and implies that she did not receive a good education, because of the simple idea that uneducated people get jobs in Boots and Tescos.We cut to several shots from different angles within the space of a few seconds, as if to show the hectic speed that her life is played out at. This effect has been used because today, we are all familiar with Music has always played a key feature in television programmes, especially in dynamic and exciting shows like Doctor Who. For example, in An Unearthly Child, not much music is played, because much of the programme is conversation. The music that was played was spooky music, designed to scare the listener.It was mostly orchestrated, although some was edited with the latest 1960s equipment and technology. If the modern audience heard it today, they would t hink it is old-fashioned and outdated, because the music we hear today has a stronger call on the carpet and is we use more electronics to edit it. The props used in both Rose and An Unearthly Child have been synonymous to their times. The props used in the school scene of An Unearthly Child are only normal school desks and chairs. In the dump scene, outside the TARDIS, the dump is filled with typical things you would expect to find in a dump then.These props were well within budget, and because there were no stunts involving those scenes, the producers did not have to continuously pay money to have replacements built. This therefore, was cost effective. However, in Rose, to get the shots right when the department store blows up, the BBC had to pay for various things including safety screens for the photographic cameras, insurance if the pyrotechnics went wrong, explosives and models for repeated shots. This however, was not too much of a problem, as the more modern episode had a bigger budget to account for the modern audiences tastes action, adrenaline, mystery and adventure.The camera shots also had to be cost effective, meaning that the ways in which both episodes were filmed both had to be appropriate and as accurate as possible. In An Unearthly Child, people were not used to people getting hurt on screen or otherwise. The budget and the technology could not put out to the limits that we possibly might expect today. For example, the only major stunt scene is when the TARDIS starts up and Ian falls over. This effect was achieved by shaking the camera about charm the actors fell about on set.This effect is laughable when watched today, but the 1960s audience will have been filled with concern. Nowadays, the effect is achieved with a moving shock and a shaking camera. The shots in An Unearthly Child were produced by a camera which could not be zoomed in. This meant that between close-ups, the camera had to be moved. This was obviously time-consuming. T he shot where the camera is moving around the TARDIS is achieved by placing the camera on a moving platform on rails or wheels. This is then moved piece of music the camera is filming.Nowadays, we can pre-set the movements of the camera with a computer. In Rose, many computer generated effects were used to bring a sense of something that could not be created by man. For example, the Nestene Consciousness was a CGI effect. The effect had to be backed up by sound. The sounds that were needed were computer generated also, because the effect could not be achieved through slavish music. . The actor Christopher Eccleston actually had to talk to a blank area on the ground while filming. Today the effects have moved on in time more, and we can simply use greenscreen to solve the problem.The older episode, An Unearthly Child obviously could not have achieved these effects, as the technology to design them had not been created yet. As a viewer, I prefer the episode Rose, because the effect s used in it created a sense of what the modern viewer wants action, adrenaline, mystery and adventure. It is also longer, providing more entertainment for a longer period of time. This meant that the producer could cram a lot of information and adventure into one episode. The plot is more intriguing because the effects can be created by computer and other technology, not just physical objects.

Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment

8. Was this a true experiment? If so, what was being tested? In the short twaddle Dr. Heideggers Experiment, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, rather than observing the effect on wad of the water from the Fountain of Youth, there is a true experiment behind. Though the teller spends chunks of description on how the water substitutes peoples appearance and action, the inner human nature is what it documentaryly tests. As the doctor said before the experiment, it would be well that, with the experience of a life while to direct you, you should draw up a few general rules for your guidance, in passing a indorsement time through the perils of youth. Though not explicitly shown in the story, it is apparent that the experiment involves more than physical changes. Concerned with the behavior of people, Dr. Heidegger is not just interested in the physical effect of the water. Will anyone ever discover from previous experiences? Will people make the same mistakes if they contract a chance to st art over? Whats the relationship between age, appearance, and action? The experiment is true for it raises several questionable issues related to human nature and reveals certain answers through the behaviors of the four people in the story. a) Why did he select four people of such similar personality? Would it not have been a more productive and elicit experiment had differing personalities been included? By selecting four people of similar personality, Dr. Heidegger could have a better understanding on his experimental subjects and reached his manipulation. One fact in common is that they were all sad old creatures who had been unfortunate in life. Namely, these four elders all squandered their money and reputation due to youthful foolishness.As the purpose was to explore the human nature (whether people would change), he knew that if given over a choice to be young again, they would be the ones who wanted to change most. Yet, all of them proved the doctor wrong in the end, w hich clearly served the purpose of the experiment as well as made it more representative. If differing personalities were included, it would make the experiment harder to conclude, digress from its purpose, and misplace its precision.Controlling variables was an important step to reach the result which was to examine whether youthful foolishness could be changed. Besides, it wouldnt be any more productive since any sure-fire experiment aiming to figure out a general phenomenon requires more than one subject. And in this case, four was a better choice. ? b) What did Dr. Heidegger expect to checker? What efficiency have been his initial dead reckoning? Support your thinking with reference to the story. Dr. Heidegger expected to see a change in behaviors when the four guests were given a do-over chance.Before they drank the magical water, he reminded them that it would be well that, with the experience of a lifetime to direct you, you should draw up a few general rules for your gu idance, in passing a second time through the perils of youth. In other words, he wished his four guests would change whatever caused their previous failure and stop making the same mistakes. He hoped to see a positive transformation which the elders used their lifetime wisdom to guide themselves in the right way. However, as high as his expectation appeared to be, his initial hypothesis wasnt exactly ideal.When he asked the four friends to assist him, he claimed that For my own part, having had much trouble in growing old, I am in no hurry to grow young again. That is, the doctor himself had no intention to be young make up though he once had some ugly time, just like his guests. Thus, we can buoy conclude that the reason he just wanted to be an observer was that he believed people would make the same mistakes even granted a second chance. ? c) What, if anything, did he expect his subjects to learn from the experiment? What might have been his purpose?As his guests suffered in t heir youth and lost their vigor, he might expect them to learn that since people couldnt change, they might as well accept the reality. After the experiment, Dr. Heidegger said, Well I bemoan it not for if the overflow gushed at my very doorstep, I would not stoop to bathe my lips in it no, though its delirium were for years instead of moments. Such is the lesson ye have taught me As we can see, Dr. Heidegger knew this water did no good on people except creating illusions. And even in fake reality, people still remained who they used to be without single change despite of their senility. Pressing the withered rose to his withered lips Dr. Heidegger also said that I love it as well thus as in its wet freshness. Compared with his subjects, Dr. Heidegger appeared to possess more wisdom and virtue, which was the two presents of age. He loved the way he was, for his age gave him wisdom. Therefore, all he did was to test his friends with the expectation that they would learn to chang e, or at least realize the inevitability of old age and death, and then embrace their presence after all these.The purpose of this experiment might be to discover the relationship between age, appearance, and behavior. Age, despite of physical senescence, depends more on the state of mind. Though the guests were seen to act differently due to their youthful appearances, the real reason was their inner self, who they thought they were. However, the experiment also proved that one was not likely to change who he or she really was even given another chance.

Adapting the Law to the Online Environment Essay

Formulating unique conception of the Web in Weaving the Web Berners-Lee emphasized that the bearingion was to create a formation with one fundamental attri ande it had to be all decentralized. In the vision of Berners-Lee That would be the only way a new person somewhere could start to use it the Web with disclose asking for rile from anyone else1. In the initial years of the Webs functioning, Berner-Lees ideal of a highly decentralized universal system has been shared by tens of millions of passel around theworld who have appreciated and marveled at an invention that sees it unexpectedly easy for anyone with a data processor to connect with anyone else with a computer, anywhere in the world, and to submit and send information almost at will. But the profits and the Web have also moved to the center of attention for governments, business leaders, virtueyers and judges, police forces and host establishments, and anyone else dependent on the rule of law and authority structu res in modern society.This is a issue of the ability and tendency of Internet users to simply skirt or leap over many of the rules and institutions designed to maintain order in the pre- Internet world. Previously designed rules and legal structures enacted for slower-paced, comparatively public tangible transactions in a world rimmed everywhere with borders (local, provincial, national) suddenly were challenged as never onward when the Internet made it physically conceivable to carry out transactions of almost any kind in a manner simultaneously immediate, anonymous, inexpensive, and seemingly borderless.However, the process of certain democratization, over barbarousization and simply lazier-affair went beyond predictable limits earnings identity stealth, credit card blind, controversies with gambling and online porn reveal significant need to adapt the law to online environment, to analyze the specifics of cyber crimes and to create effective regulatory norms.traditional Cr ime and Cyber Crime Defining BoundariesFrom the primary perspective, the Internet imitates and, in most cases, runs parallel to what is often happening in normal life, accordingly, it is no wonder that the law had to take account of this new parallel of real life. Hence the frequent appeals for cyberlaw or cyberspace law. Simultaneously, the imitation of life by the Internet does not completely transcend existing forms of activities in their entirety. Thus while electronic forms of information are the hallmark of the Internet and tend to undermine tangible media, or yet render them obsolete, prior forms of information may coexist a extensiveside them, albeit uneasily and suffering permanent corrosion. In so far as it is not likely to divine the extent to which the Net will generate parallel or independent forms of drill, the development of the appropriate law cannot be predictable.One has to determine in each specific sphere of activity how far the parallels go and how big or sm all the change over the normal may have been before working out the legal response. Consequently, the lack of time or resources cannot be the main reasons for the non-development of Internet law, as Edwards and Waelde suggest2, although they recognize, somewhat indirectly that the Internet is still growth and so must the Internet law. Edwards and Waelde view Internet Law as being a result of (the usual) adaptation process that the law undergoes to catch up with new technological phenomena.They regard Internet Law as a necessity, contrary to the core pragmatic perception of those they refer to as looking upon the Internet as law-free.3 And although the principle of Internet content, transactions and activities seems to be logical and self-evident, the problems start appearing from the very definition of cyber crime.Blacks Law Dictionary places a crime as a social harm that the law makes punishable the breach of a legal duty treated as the subject-matter of a criminal proceeding.4 Anglo-American criminal law has for centuries possessed a set of definitions of crimes that encompass the varied categories of social harms humans can trim on one another, for instance homicide, rape, robbery, arson, vandalism, fraud, child abuse, and so on According to Susan Brenner, criminal law does not typically differentiate offenses based upon the instrumentalities that are used in their commission we generally do not, for example, divide homicide into murder by gun, murder by poison, murder by strangulation and so on.5As Brenner points out, criminal law does treat the use of certain instrumentalities as aggravating factors, the use of which can result in an enhanced sentence upon conviction this is how criminal law generally deals with using a firearm or other dangerous instrumentality in the delegating of a crime.6 This approach could, perhaps, have been taken with regard to cyber crime we could simply define hacking as a type of trespass, analogous to real-world trespass . The crime of real-world trespass is gaining approach shot to a physical space a building or a parcel of land without authorization. We could have pursued hacking in an analogous fashion, perhaps prosecuting it as trespass and then characterizing the use of computer technology as an aggravating factor.7However, that is not the approach the law has taken and is taking to the use of computer technology to inflict social harms. What is emerging is a division between traditional crimes (trespass, burglary, theft, stalking, etc.) and cyber crimes. The latter encompass the use of computer technology to commit either (a) social harms that have already been identify and outlawed generically (trespass, burglary, theft, stalking, etc.) or (b) new types of social harm that do not fall into traditional crime categories.It is necessary to adopt cyber crime-specific laws for the first class of conduct be lay down, as Brennans hacking-trespass example illustrates, computer technology can be u sed to commit social harms in ways that do not fit comfortably into our existing offense categories. another(prenominal) Brennans example of a denial of service attack8 simply eludes conventional criminal law it is not theft it is not extortion it is not blackmail it is not vandalism or trespassing or any other crime that has so far been defined. We must, therefore, define new cyber crimes to encompass denial of service attacks and other new varieties of criminal activity.In conceptualizing the varieties of cyber crime, it is helpful to divide them into three categories offered by Marc Goodman crimes in which the computer is the rank of the criminal activity, crimes in which the computer is a tool used to commit the crime, and crimes in which the use of the computer is an incidental aspect of the commission of the crime.9 When a computer is the target of criminal activity, the perpetrator attacks an innocent users computer or computer system either by gaining unlawful plan of atta ck to it or by bombarding it from outside.Cybercrimes that fall into this cate sanguineous include simple hacking (gaining access to a computer system or part of a computer system without authorization) and aggravated hacking (gaining access to a computer system or part of a computer system without authorization for the purpose of committing a crime such as feigning or altering information in the system). The target cybercrimes also include denial of service attacks and the dissemination of viruses, worms and other types of malware. The cyber crimes in this category tend to be new crimes and therefore generally require new legislation.A computer or computer system can also be the instrument that is used to commit what is essentially a traditional crime. Cybercrimes in which a computer is the tool used to carry out criminal activity include online fraud, theft, embezzlement, stalking and harassment, forgery, obstruction of justice and the creation or dissemination of child porn. T hese are conventional crimes, but it may be difficult to absorb online versions of these crimes using existing substantive law a jurisdictions theft statute may not, for example, encompass a theft of intangible property when the theft consists of copying the property, instead of appropriating it entirely. In State v. Schwartz, Oregon State of Appeal held that by copying the passwords, defendant stripped them of their value.10 Jurisdictions may therefore find it necessary to amend their existing substantive criminal law to ensure that it can be used against these cyber crime variants of traditional crimes.The last category consists of cyber crimes in which the use of a computer or computer system is incidental to the commission of the crime. This category includes, for example, instances in which a murderer uses a computer to plan a murder or lure the victim to the murder scene it can also include a blackmailers using a computer to pull through extortion letters to his victim or a drug dealers using a computer to monitor his sales agreements, inventory and profits. Here, the computer is merely a source of evidence and new substantive criminal legislation is generally not needed. The cases in this category can, however, require new law to resolve procedural issues such as the processes used in gathering evidence of cyber crimes.The basic national cyber crime provision is 18 U.S. Code 1030 among other things, it criminalizes hacking, cracking, computer fraud and the dissemination of viruses, worms and other types of malware. The statute accomplishes this by directing its prohibitions at conduct that targets a protected computer and then defining protected computer as a computer encompassed by federal jurisdiction.11 Section 1030 defined a protected computer as either (a) a computer used unaccompanied by a financial institution or the federal government or used nonexclusively by a financial institution or the federal government if the conduct constituting the crime affects its use by the financial institution or federal government or (b) a computer used in interstate or remote commerce or communication.12 The notion of basing the statutes prohibitions on conduct directed at a protected computer was introduced when 1030 was amended in 1996 until then, it criminalized conduct that was directed at federal interest computers, i.e., computers used by the federal government or located in more than one state.13The 1996 amendment broadened 1030s reach it now encompasses conduct directed at any computer connected to the Internet. In 2001, the Patriot Act amended 1030 to make it clear that the statute can be used to prosecute criminal conduct which occurred outside the United States, a position the Department of Justice had long taken, for instance in case United States v. Ivanov. The Patriot Act expanded the definition of a protected computer to include computers used in interstate or foreign commerce that are located outside the United States if they are used in a manner that affects interstate or foreign commerce or communication of the United States.14Problematic Aspects Copyright, Child Pornography, Identity Fraud in InternetIn order to address the problems in regulation of online environment more effectively, this paper aims to focus on several most problematic aspects of the issue copyright violations, child pornography and identity theft or credit card fraud. Defined by Culberg, copyright is a legal device giving the author (or holder of the copyright) the exclusive right to falsify the reproduction of his or her intellectual creation for a specific period of time.15 Copyright law in the United States derives from the U.S. Constitution and is therefore exclusively federal states do not have the authority to legislate in this area.16 Defenses to a charge of criminal copyright infringement are, first, that the offense cannot be prosecuted because the five year statute of limitations has run.17Other defenses are the first sale doctrine and an argument that the defendant did not act willfully. The first sale doctrine lets one who purchased a copyrighted work freely distribute the copy she bought.18 Under the doctrine, however, the purchaser can only distribute the copy she bought she cannot copy the purchased item and distribute the copies.19 Since most computer bundle is distributed through licensing agreements, the first sale doctrine typically does not apply when someone is charged with software piracy.20 With regard to the claim that a defendant did not act willfully, there is some ambiguity as what is required to show willfulness. Courts disagree as to whether it requires an intent to copy or intent to infringe.21The newest weapon in the federal arsenal of copyright statutes is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which added two sections to title 17 of the U.S. Code. Section 1201 makes it unlawful to circumvent measures used to protect copyrighted works, while 1202 makes it unl awful to tamper with copyright management information. Another new section, 17 U.S. Code 1204, creates criminal penalties for violating either sections 1201 or 1202 of the DMCA. The first criminal prosecution under the DMCA was filed in 2001 against Dmitry Sklyarov, a Russian citizen, and his employer, Elcomsoft, Ltd.22 They were charged with violating 17 U.S. Code 1201(b) (l) (A), by trafficking in technology designed to circumvent the rights of a copyright owner, and with violating 17 U.S. Code 1201(b) (l) (C), by trafficking in technology marketed for use in circumventing technology that protects the rights of a copyright owner.Another area that is a high priority in federal computer crime prosecutions is child pornography. To understand the current state of the law outlawing child pornography, it is necessary to understand the showtime Amendment, which states, in part, that Congress is to make no law abridging the granting immunity of destination. The U.S. Supreme Court ha s interpreted this part of the First Amendment as prohibiting the criminalization of any but a very few limited categories of speech The First Amendment bars the government from dictating what we see or read or speak or hear. The freedom of speech has its limits it does not embrace certain categories of speech, including defamation, incitement, obscenity, and pornography produced with real children.23From the critical as well statistical perspective, child pornography appears a relatively recent addition to the list. However, the rise of computer technology raised concerns about virtual child pornography, i.e., pornography created using morphed or other artificial images of children, and in 1996 Congress pick out the Child Pornography Prevention Act, codified as 18 U.S. Code 2251. This Act extended the prohibitions on manufacturing, possessing and distributing child pornography to encompass pornography that featured not only real children but what appeared to be a real child.24 In 2001, a coalition of free speech advocates challenged these provisions of the federal child pornography statutes they argued that because no real children are harmed in the creation of virtual child pornography, it does not fall under a category of speech that cannot constitutionally be criminalized.25When the case was before the Supreme Court, the Department of Justice argued that virtual child pornography can be criminalized because (a) pedophiles use it to seduce children into versed acts and (b) it stimulates pedophiles into molesting children.26 The Supreme Court rejected these arguments and held that the prohibition of virtual child pornography violated the First Amendment, so the statutory provisions at issue were unconstitutional and unenforceable.

Health and Social Care P5 Essay

Multi agency wrickingThis is where victors from multiple agencies meet together to work towards the best possible care of an individual. They result combine their skills and do a single assessment to assess needs of the client, as opposed to each professional doing an individual assessment. Working in partnerships with adults using servicesThis is where encouragement for the use of services helps to gain trust between professionals and clients or their families. By ensuring of policies and working(a) routines, hence the cared for individual fire feel more confident that they will be able to flag up any concerns, worries or comments. It promotes a better kinship between cared-for and care-giver. ISAThis protects vulnerable adults from people who may want to abuse them, or have a history of abusing. Before a paid thespian or voluntary thespian bum work with vunerable adults, they will have to be vetted and have a recrudesce for no prior history of abuse. If a person has a h istory of abusing, then they will be placed on a barred list and will then be unable(p) to work with vulnerable people. This means that employers will have to receive purloin references, have a DBS check done and check the barred list, before they screw employ a person to work with vulnerable adults. Criminal Records BureauPeople who wish to work with vulnerable adults will have to undergo and in-depth DBS check before they are able to work with vulnerable people. This check looks at their criminal history. It will show any previous cautions or convictions. No SecretsThis rule of thumb means that any group, no matter how big or small, must have a set of policies and guidelines about what is expected of the people who work inwardly the organisation. It shows module members what is appropriate and inappropriate care. Codes of PracticeThis sets standards for all people working with vulnerable people, such as nurses and midwives. Usually these codes of practice are overseen by la rger bodies that regulate the workers. People who do not follow the codes of practice may be unable to remain in their chosen profession. National Frame for good Practice and Outcomes in Adult Protection This sets a group of national standards or service models to show how best to deliver a service. It promotes multi agency working to provide the best level of care for a service user. Dignity in Care initiativeThis is a campaign to stop lack of consider show to service users and to ensure that their dignity is maintained through good and positive service. It encourages challenging of poor service or lack of respect. Human Rights in HealthcareThis is assists and promotes the use of human rights practice in work within delivery of care services, particularly within the NHS. It encourages fairness, respect, equality, dignity and autonomy. Closer working between professionalsThis means that records to care will be made and then logged so that the care can be noted and continued or alt ered. It means that concerns can be shared and can bring attention to alterations in behaviour towards particular members of staff or visitors. It can also log any illness. The intercourse means that care givers can work together to provide continuous care. Care Quality CommissionThis ensures that all organisations under their watch are working to a set of rules and regulations that apply to them. They regulate the care given and inspect institutions to ensure that optimal care that conforms to regulations is given to all of the people in its care. Organisational policiesThis teaches staff what is expected of them and what is inappropriate. It also means that a complaints procedure will exist, so that people whobelieve there is a problem with care given can be challenged fairly, whilst people are protected from any possible ill-consequences of complaint. This also means that whenever a new policy is enacted, that appropriate staff training will be undertaken and explained. It ensur es that staff are well aware of any consequences as a result of abusing. Decision making forumsThis ensures that the decision making process is unbroken clear and does not remain secretive. It gives individuals the chance to be an active member in the decisions that affect their care or their lives. They can be supported to maintain the best decision that will best affect them. It gives an opportunity for opinions and views on it to be explained, alongside with any procedures or guidelines that may be in tack together as a part of the decision. WhistleblowingThis is where a member of an organisation informs members an employer or a regulatory body of ill-practice within the organisation that they work in. They will be protected by the Public Interest Disclosure act, meaning that they will be appropriately protected from any suffering that may be caused by an individual raising awareness, such as dismissal or bullying. Effective kindred buildingThis means that relationships betwe en service users and professionals are kept appropriate and the duty of care remains the main responsibility. The worker must work to a set of guidelines or accepted values. The relationship between user and worker must remain professional and not overstep boundaries set by professional bodies. It means that whilst the wishes and dignity of the user will still be kept, the relationship will be equal yet maintain the importance of the status of carer and cared-for. Principles of care

The Rules

* We should follow the masters so that we can maintain peace and governing within our society, economy, and even our country. Without rules no one(a) would be able to work together. * Two different kinds of people can be heard to utter that question, wherefore have rules? One of them does not believe in rules the other believes in rules and adds a few more words to the question, Why have rules, if you are not going to enforce them? I would like to examine both sides of this argument.Many people opine that if we had no rules, there would be total anarchy and chaos. Some say that if there were no law against mop up or theft, normal good people would murder and steal. I agree that there would be more murder and theft. But, I cannot imagine that normal people would murder and steal. Wouldnt you be repelled by murder and theft? Wouldnt there be implied constraints (implied laws, if you depart) against murder and theft? Wouldnt the Golden precept apply, even if it werent given to us in the Bible? Arent there always implied rules? Sixty-nine percent of students who obey the rules say that the rules are there for guidance and protection, with 20 percent smelling that the rules are there to scare them into obedience. * We follow rules beca apply they are necessary to coordinate individual actions in a social setting. Some rules are self-enforcing, i. e. , it is in each individuals interest to obey them. For example, once more than 50% of car operators drive on the right side of the road in a particular area, more and more drivers will notice that adapting to this rule reduces their risks of accident, and the rule will become more and more accepted.A driver who decides to break the rule will risk incurring a high cost. * A related reason why we follow rules is that we weart know the consequences of particular decisions rules are, as Hayek says, a device for heading with our constitutional ignorance. * In certain instances, we follow rules because we want to guard against particular decisions that may, on the spur of the moment, bring satisfaction, but have long term consequences we offer to avoid. You may use a loud, or repeating, alarm-clock, or put it out of reach, because you know hat you may be tempted to stay in bed when the clock comes. * Rules are indispensable, but there must be ways to challenge them by trying new ones. Much of the art of social, and personal, life is about wise to(p) which rules to follow and which rules to disobey. * Most of the time we put people into one category or the other. You either accept the rules and play by them or youre a rebel who likes to break the rules. * A third variety that we often forget about is the rule questioner.And the rule questioner is in a ameliorate redact to learn and succeed than the pure rule followers and rule breakers. * Why you shouldnt follow all the rules * The rule followers believe that rules are in place for a reason and that we should follow them all. Groups o f smart people created laws and company procedures and social norms and school policies so we should accept them and follow them. * Blindly following the rules doesnt require you to think much. You accept rules the way they are even if they dont seem to make sense. The problem is that circumstances and environments and people and societies change. We learn better methods. Technology changes our procedures. Rules become outdated. * If you blindly follow all the rules, you dont account for these changes. * Why you shouldnt break all the rules * While some of us like to believe were rule breakers, most of us realize that we need rules to have a functioning society. (That is, unless youre an anarchist. ) * Rule breakers actually arent that different from rule followers.Instead of blindly following the rules, they blindly break the rules. * Why? * by chance you think you know better. * Maybe you like the feeling of rebellion. * Maybe you want to be different. * Maybe you think the rule s are absurd. * The underlying problem with both rule breakers and rule followers is that they dont use their brains to think about whether they should follow or break the rules. * Question the rules * Instead of following all the rules or breaking all the rules, we should become rule questioners. * Do the rules make sense?If so, then follow themif not, think about about how you might be able to change them. * Most people believe that if you dont question the rules, youll get farther in life, but success awaits those who are willing to break the right rules. * Painting inside the lines * Im definitely a rule follower. * I was reminded of my tendency to follow the rules last weekend when I attending a Paint By Wine variety with some friends. A local art shop provides paint, a blank canvas and an artist to teach you to create a painting while you imbibe wine and chat with friends. Everyone is supposed to follow the instructors guidance to create the same painting. I didnt really lik e the colors in the painting, but I followed each of the artists instructions and recreated something that looked exactly like her painting. She complimented me on how straight my lines were. * It wasnt until I looked around, that I noticed that other people werent following the rules (gasp ). Some of my friends used different colors. Others put their flowers in different locations. Others were going even more rogue and painting roses preferably of daisies. I blindly followed the rules without even thinking about how I could put my own touch on the painting. I didnt even like what I was creating, but I found myself proud that I had followed the directions so closely (although certainly not perfectly). * What was I left with at the end of the night? too a fun time hanging out with my friends, I had an exact replica of a painting I didnt really like. (Yes, the featured physical body in this post is my work of art. ) * Use your brain to question the rules Whether youre more of a rul e breaker or a rule follower, we can all improve by questioning the rules before following or breaking them. * Im not suggesting that you pick only the rules you feel like following. Please dont drink and drive because you think the rule doesnt make sense. Dont steal from the grocery retentivity to feel like a rebel. * But do use your brain to ask reasonable questions. * Rules are important because without rules there would be chaos. Everyone would be doing whatever they want and no one would agree and bad things would happen. Rules are important because it lets society know what is expected of them. If you break the rules there are consequences and you are certified of that as well. Rules keep us in order. * We should follow the rules so that we can maintain peace and organization within our society, economy, and even our country. Without rules no one would be able to work together. * Rules are needed to stop anarchy and to provide order. People need to be accountable for their actions so rules are needed. Without rules, no one would own up to any responsibility and things would never get accomplished. *

Nail Biting

Nail Biting Do you constantly find yourself biting your compasss off for no reason at each(prenominal)? Or have you ever thought about the damages caused by nail biting? Many people do not realize and pick out that there are medical affects and explanations for nail biting. Adults usually do not find themselves with this bad habit because nail biting is most cat valium among kids and teens and mainly more within guys than girls. However regardless of gender or age nail biting dismiss lead to unwanted consequences caused by tension, nervousness, or hunger. Unwanted consequences mainly consist with alveolar complications such as the chipping of your teeth.For most people, chipping a tooth is the only negative effect that biting your nails powerfulness have on your teeth. In fact, the book Pediatric Dentistry by Pinkham states There is no evidence that nail biting usher out cause dental change other than minor enamel fractures. Nail biting can also cause a gap between your t wo front teeth. If the nail biting habit begins when the child is very young, it has been reported to cause a gap between teeth. In addition causing gaps between your teeth can cause the roots of your teeth to become weaker. Nail biting during braces has been shown to cause root resorption.Last but not least nail biting can cause gingivitis. For example in the case report of a nine-year-old boy whose father called the dental office to describe his sons complaint of swelling of the gums surrounding the draw front tooth. The patient came to the office the same day. The initial clinical examination revealed swelling of the gingival. During discussion with the parent and patient, the dentist noted that the patients fingernails were bitten off. The patient and parent confirm a habit of nail biting. Therefore the dentist removed from the gums a piece of nail that was compressed in.Nail biting can cause many dental complications however, what causes people to bit their nails? Many doctors and psychologists state that medical and psychological situations cause nail biting to occur without even realizing it. For example nail-biting is a common stress-relieving habit. Stress is that feeling you get when youre really worried about something. There are general factors that can lead to stress such as threats which intromit physical threats, social threats, financial threats, fears, and uncertainty. Therefore a common way people to react to stress is nail biting.A child or even an bounteous uses nail biting as a coping mechanism to relieve stuffed emotions. It has been documented that some people bite their nails in their sleep, sometimes wholly. This has been linked to stress while dreaming. Secondly, nervousness also leads to nail biting. When people are nervous, they fidget. Fidgeting involves moving with excitement. Hands, legs and other parts of the body make quick movements, with no particular aim. This is a reflex movement, initiated by the subconscious headsprin g. This is a reaction to a tense situation. We do not know what to do but we know that we have to do something.Nail biting is one way of the bodys response to the call for doing something. Children sometimes face an unpleasant situation. They commit a mischief and are caught. When they are confronted by their parents or teachers, they just stand biting their nails. This is a defense mechanism to prevent the children from doing an absurd act that could make the matter worse. Thirdly, as simple as this whitethorn sound, it has been revealed that some people who suffer from biting on their nails complains that they will only do so when they are feeling extremely hungry.Some will even go as far as to say that when they are hungry and they chew on their fingernails, they will get a soothing, as well as a comforting feeling that will sometimes drive away the hunger sensation. Several treatment measures may help you stop biting your nails. For example retention your nails trimmed and file d, taking care of your nails can help reduce your nail-biting habit and encourage you to keep your nails attractive. Also try substituting another activity, such as drawing, writing when you find yourself biting your nails.Substituting nail biting can reduce the chances of getting dental complications. However it is important to keep in mind that psychological factors contribute to the bad habit of nail biting which is stress nervousness or hunger. These factors should be considered in stopping the reoccurrence of nail biting. http//www. nail-care-tips. com/nail-biting. php http//www. ehow. com/about_5097901_reasons-nail-biting. html http//www. tellinitlikeitis. interlock/2009/04/nail-biting-causes-consequences-cure-how-to-stop- biting-your-nails. html http//www. webmd. com/healthy-beauty/guide/stop-nail-biting-tips

Fear of the Power of Science in Frankenstein

Some readers have seen the legend as an illustration of the fear of the bureau of learning. To what finis do you agree with this view of the novel? There are umpteen different tuitions of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, first published in 1818. The traditional reading sees the novel being about a man getting punished by God for crossing his domain. Many different Gothic themes are apply in the novel to create a sense of fear in the audience, not just in the fear of skill but the fear of the power of science and the influence this power has on Victors character. Frankenstein serves as a warning to others of the power of science and creates a sense of fear in the audience. One of the key ways Shelley creates this fear is through the juxtaposing references to nature, helping to serve as a warning. In the midst of Chapter Four, when Victor is engrossed in his work, a paragraph is added describing the beauty and nature around him. Through describing the outside world as beautiful, V ictor is admitting that the world is already beautiful and by ignoring that, he is being ignorant.If Victor had left his house, maybe the beauty of the world could have lifted him out of his depression and stopped the future events. This sense of foreshadowing in the novel creates the sense of fear in the power placed in Victors hands he knows he is wrapped up in his work omit the scenes around me, and through this unhealthy obsession is left with nothing. By adding the beauty of the summer months it further highlights how obsessive Victor had become as time speeds up and months pass within a short section of the novel. The language used in Frankenstein to describe his task is interesting to note.The opposing views end-to-end the novel, adds the retrospective flavour towards the story, as he is telling the story having learnt his lesson. If the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections and to destroy your taste then that study is certainly viciou s. The sense that Victor has learnt from his mistake, creates the interpretation that Frankenstein is a morality tale. Morality tales flourished in the 16th century and were often seen as personifications of good and evil usually manifold in the struggle for a mans soul. Victor, the rotagonist, bay window be seen as a representative of society as a whole, with Victor representing the many scientific discoveries at the time. During the 19th Century, wisdom was controversial as it questioned many fundamental religious beliefs such as Creation and God. Shelley uses the novel of Frankenstein to address the problems with advancements in science and the fundamental consequences of those playing God, thus creating a sense of fear of the power that many were acquiring at the time. The setting is an important feature in Gothic literature and the fact that Victor has isolated himself is influential in the structure of the novel.Victor describes where he works as a solitary chamber or cell implying he has trapped himself there. This fuels his obsession in creating his monster as he has little or no contact with the outside world. The negative interpretation of the room where he works, workshop of filthy creations and slaughter house, creates a dark and creepy atmosphere in the novel, with this use of darkness evident throughout and a key concept in Gothic Literature such as Dracula. The isolation he creates adds a sense of fear not only to science but a fear towards Victor as his obsession could lead to him becoming crazy.Although one could presume that a fear of science is being created, this can be argued. Many would argue that actually it is the fear of the unknown that is evident in Frankenstein. Victor is exploring roughlything that no one has ever through with(p) and thus the path to his discovery, although with good intentions, is flawed. During the 19th Century, the new scientific discoveries were controversial with many going against righteousness. The d escription used such as fire tissue and sizzling light of lightning, reflects Victors experiments with conducting electricity through organisms.During the time, Johann Willhelm Ritter, had done experiments whereby he would pass electricity from metal conductors into frogs legs and this is referred to in the novel. Ketterer says that Shelleys awareness and captivation with the big scientific discoveries of her day is highlighted in the 1831 version of Frankenstein, where Victor asks his father to demonstrate that lightning is electricity. The novel Frankenstein is a response to these scientific advancements acting as a warning to those playing god How dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge creating fear in the unknown not just in science.Following on from the fear of the unknown, some would argue that it is also the fear of change in Frankenstein. Religion was a fundamental part of society and many believed that Science was a usurper to Religion and many would still believe that today. In other studies you have gone to where others have gone before. Unlike subjects such as History, Victor believes Science is about change and therefore oversteps the boundaries of discovery it is the reference to the sublimeness of his task that makes this more evident. In scientific pursuit there is continual food for discovery and peculiarity.The fear not only in the power of science but in the discovery is clear in Frankenstein with continual conflict between the two. The novel describes the ultimate consequence of those attempting to cross two of Gods domains, man and God. Victor creates the monster, which challenges the advancement of technology during the industrial revolution and thus a fear of patience and scientific advancement, not necessarily the direct fear of science. The fear of the power of science is a concept that can be seen clearly in Frankenstein.Although, it can be argued that it is the fear of the unknown or change, the real fear is in the power of Sc ience. Victors obsession with science allows him to feel powerful and thus make mistakes, that when retrospectively telling the story he is able to recount and acknowledge. The power placed in Victors hands when he is able to create life, is last the one to be feared. Shelleys ability to subtly create fear through setting, language and structure is important in creating the fear of the power of science which is crucial in this Gothic text.

House on Mango

Have you incessantly been disappointed by high expectations? Although fulfilling said expectations might non be possible at the time, it is non reason to forfeit or throw in the towel rather with enough effort these goals may be realized. The expectations set by Esperanza in Sandra Cisneross The House on Mango Street inescapably take to the woodss to disappointment however fulfilling these dreams is still a possibility despite of its non-actuality. Esperanza lives out unfulfilling life disappointed by the uninspiring house she lives in, a worthless music box, and the dream of eating in the canteen.Esperanza had hoped for more, even believed in more than what she received a shabby, broken-down house on Mango Street. The description of the house Esperanzas parents provide does non go with the reality of the situation leading Esperanza to hope for something that cannot be. Esperanza is disappointed by the overleap of stairs, the absence of a yard, the actuality that the house i s not the picture perfect house as seen on TV. Although Esperanza is not happy with the house she lives in, she still hopes for a better future despite knowing that her goals will not be met for a very long period of time.Esperanza faces these unsatisfied dreams with hope still in her message using the old decrepit house as inspiration to better her future. Additionally, Esperanza faces further disappointment when she visits the dispose store and finds something of interest to her. Nenny, Esperanzas little sister, spots a record player but is unaware of its nature. She discovers that it is a music box and Esperanzas hopes immediately soar she longs for a pretty box with flowers paint on the exterior, and a ballerina inside.This beautiful thought fades away as she discovers that the box is instead scarcely a dusty record player with a brass record that has holes in it, which when played, sounds like a cacophony of moths. The hope she had been given was crushed. The canteen is he r dream of eating lunch is not fulfilled, so once again her heart is overwhelmed by disappointment. Esperanza believes the kids who eat there are special and important. Esperanza expended practically effort to convincing her mother to grant her permission to eat at the canteen fully believing the experience would be every bit as extravagant as she imagined.These beliefs are completely dismantled by the bedevilment Esperanza receives from a nun Esperanza ends up eating her then cold food in solitude. Her dream of eating in the canteen portrays yet another instance in which Esperanza is brought down due to the predispositions she has no contain over these wretched experiences do not ultimately limit Esperanzas ability to succeed in the future. The addition of this photo is crucial to displaying how disappointment is an unavoidable factor of life.In viewing the above image, an image remote to the subject, one who reads this paper, may be disappointed however this disappointment d oes not limit the capacity of the referee to read the following text. Failure to have the specific criteria that one longs for may be uncontrollable much like an alien invasion in the Jurassic period, and such is life the key is to keep wretched forward and keep fighting on even in the face of Armageddon. The scientist running experiments in a lab often comes upon errors in procedure, wrong answers to questions asked. A boxer throws many, many blows at his opponent, and the boxer misses nearly of those blows.Esperanza longs so much for a life she cannot lead because of her upbringing, but this does not stop her from hoping. These trails all lead to disappointment and failure. Esperanza doddles on the harsh realities of her life at the time, disappointed with the situation presented to her although the disappointment she holds for her life is ground on factors she has no control of it forms no real barrier in terms of what is possible. Disappointment is an inevitable factor of l iving and it must therefore be felt but never looked on as being told what can and cannot be done.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 37

CHAPTER cardinalA behemothy DeathNate was five much days al unriv every further intimately(predicate)ed in the a fargon wholesomement before they came for him. It started at dawn on the sixth day, when he noniced a conclave of track downy boys gathering somewhat at a lower place his window. T present had been hu chantan races out on the streets since the day hed told Cielle slightly the Col wizls plan, still Gooville hadnt preferably returned to typical (given that normal in Gooville was still extraordinarily weird to begin with). He could communicate that the humans and track downy boys a exchangeable were on edge. Today t here were no humans in the streets, and each(prenominal)(prenominal) the goliathy boys were emitting a shrill reverberate that he was sure hed renderd before, save strangely enough it hadnt been in the city holdstairs the ocean. Hearing the track down call in these circumstances make him shudder.He squ be up them gather, rubbing up aga inst one opposite as if to streng whence the bond among them, milling around in downcast whirling pods as if guides sour nervous energy, each of them raising his head occasionally and letting go the pursuiting call flashing teeth, jaws snapping bid bear traps. He knew they were coming.Nate was dressed and waiting for them when they came by the entry. Four of them took him, lifted him in the air by his legs and shoulders, and carried him all over their heads down the stairs to the street, thusly on into the passage counselings. The whole conference go into the passageways, their calls becoming more frequent and deafeningly shrill in the trivialer confines. change surface as his captors wide fingers turn over into his flesh, a calm resolve came over Nate an more or less trancelike state, the acceptance that it was all spill to be over soon. He queer worded to either side, solo to film mouthfuls of teeth snarl at him, and even among the frenzy, here and the re he unwrapd the characteristic hissing snicker of a whaley-boy laugh. Well, they do endure how to baffle a good duration, he estimate.He soon recognized the path they were taking him down. He could hear the calls of hundreds of them echoing with the caverns from the m opposite-of-pearl amphitheater. Maybe the entire whaley-boy population was waiting there.As they entered the amphitheater and the calls reached a crescendo, Nate stretched his neck and saw two cock-a-hoop killer-whale- ru conform tod effeminate persons property the Colonel in the midpoint of the floor. The whaley boys holding Nate lowered him to his feet, and because two of them pulled him posterior against the benches to watch with the others.One of the capacious females holding the Colonel shrieked a coarse, high call, and the lot calmed down, not quite silent, but the hunting calls stopped. The Colonels eyes were wide, and Nate wouldnt boast been surprised if the old man had started to say and fo am at the mouth. When things muteded down enough for him to be perceive, he started shouting. The big female who was holding him clamped a get through over his mouth. Nate could see the Colonel fighting for breath, and he struggled against his own captors in empathy. wherefore the female started to speak in their whistling, clicking language and the crowd stopped even snickering. Their eyes bulged, and they turned their heads to the side to better hear her.Nate couldnt understand much of what she was saying, but you didnt have to jazz the language to understand what she was doing. She was listing the Colonels crimes and pronouncing a sen ten-spotce. It was no lowly atomic number 26y, Nate thought, that the whaley boys who saw to incisivelyice were colored like the killer whales, the most intelligent, most organized, most storied and horrible of all the naval mammals. The only wildcat other than man that had exhi houred both cruelty and mercy, for one was not possible without potential for the other. Maybe memes were triumphing over genes subsequently all.When she cultureed speaking, she handed the Colonels arm to the other female, so that he was bent over forward, his hands held together high female genital organ him. Then the female let out another extended shrill call, and the whole ceiling of the amphitheater dimmed until it was altogether dark. When she finished her call, the light came covering up again. The Colonel was screaming at the top of his lungs, random curses and mad pronouncements art the whaley boys abominations, monsters, freaks, railing like some mad prophet, his brain fried by immortals fingerprint. But when the light was wide of the mark again, he caught Nates eye, provided for a arcminute, and he was quiet. There was something there, the depth and wisdom that Nate had once known the man to possess, or whitethornbe it was just sadness, but before Nate could decide, the big female bent over and bit bump off the Colonels head.Nate matte himself start to pass out. His vision tunneled down to a pinpoint and he fought to stand conscious, to concentrate on his breathing, which he recognise had stopped momentarily. His vision came book binding, as did his breath, harsh and panicked through his gritted teeth as he watched.The killer spit the head across the amphitheater to a group of whaley kids, who picked it up and tore at it with their teeth. Then the female started tearing broad chunks of core group out of the Colonels torso with her teeth, even as it twitched in the hands of her cohort throwing the chunks to the crowd, who shrilled the hunting calls even more frantically than before.Nate couldnt tell how long it went on, but when it was finally done, and the Colonel was gone, there was a large red circumference in the middle of the amphitheater floor, and all around him he saw bloody teeth flashing in whaley grins. level(p) the two whaley boys who held Nates weaponry had par pre pargonn in the communion, pussybing chunks of meat and eating them with their free hands. One had hissed and sprayed blood in Nates face. Then they dragged Nate to the middle of the amphitheater.He tangle faint, the pulse banging off in his ears, drowning out all other sound. Everywhere he go outed, he saw bloody teeth and bulging eyes, but he felt strangely detached. As the big female began another oration, he remembered a thought hed had mightily after the humpback whale had eaten him. It came through to him like a malicious d?j? vu What an incredibly dragoonned way to die.Then there was another long, whistling call and Nate unlikable his eyes, waiting for the death blow, but it didnt come. The crowd had gone quiet again. He squinted through one eyelid, almost regretful that the moment had been delayed, and he saw teeth before him, but not the bloody teeth of the killers.The shrill whistle went on and on, made by the mottled blue whaley-boy female that had come out of the passageway and was striding across the amphitheater toward Nate. At her side was a very determined, petite bru passte with unnatural maroon highlights, wearing hiking scam and a tank top. The whaley boys holding Nate take careed confused. The female who had killed the Colonel was looking for some sort of guidance from the one holding Nate when Amy pulled the stun gun from her pocket and blasted her in the chest, knocking her back five feet to convulse on the bloody floor.Let him go, Amy commanded the one who was holding Nate, and for some solid ground, whitethornbe just because it sounded so definitive, she let go of Nates arms, and he fell, at which time Amy pulled up a second stun gun and pressed it to the big killers chest, knocking her to the floor to twitch with her companion. Through it all, Emily 7 had waitd to whistle.You okay? Amy asked Nate. He looked around at the situation, not sure at all if he was okay, but he nodded.Okay, Em, Amy utter, and Emily stopped whistlin g.Before the crowd could react or a murmur of whaleyspeak start, Amy shouted, Hey, shut upAnd they did.Nate didnt do any(prenominal)thing, she continued. The whole thing was the Colonels base, and no(prenominal) of us knew anything some it. He brought Nate here to help him destroy our city, and Nate said no. Thats all you shoot to know. You all know me. This is my home, too. You know me. I wouldnt lie to you.Just then the offset gear big female started to recover, and Amy leaped in front of Nate to stand over the killer. You get up, bitch, Ill knock you on your ass again. Your choice. The female froze. Oh, live it, Amy said, and she zapped the big female on the nose with both stun guns at once, then wheeled on the other one, who was getting up but quickly dropped and played dead under Amys gaze. Good, Amy said.So we suck? Amy shouted to the crowd.There was whaleyspeak murmuring, and Amy screamed, Are we fucking clear, spate?Yeah, clear, came a 12 little mashed-elf portio ns in English.Sure, sure, sure, you know it, said one little voice.Clear as a window, came another.Just kidding, said an elf-on-helium voice.Good, Amy said. Lets go, Nate.Nate was still laborious to find his feet. His knees had gone a little rubbery when he thought his head was termination to be bitten off. Emily 7 caught him by the arm and steadied him. Amy started to lead them out of the amphitheater, then stopped. Just a second.She went back to where the lead killer female was just climbing to her feet and zapped her in the chest with the stun gun, which knocked her flat on her back again.As Amy strutted past Nate and Emily 7, she said, Okay, now we mountain go.Where are we going? Nate asked.Em says you slept with her.Nate looked at Emily 7, who grinned, big and toothy, and snickered.Yeah, slept. Just slept. Thats all. Tell her, Emily.Emily whistled, certainly a tune this time, and turn her eyes.Really, Nate said.I know, Amy said.Oh. Nate heard squeaks coming from behind the m in the corridor. Wasnt that a little risky, taking on a thousand whaley boys with a couple of stun guns?I love these things, Amy said, clicking the buttons to make miniature blue lightning arc across the contacts. No, I didnt take on a thousand whaley boys, I took on one an alpha female. Know what that makes me? She smiled and then, without even breaking stride, threw her arms around his neck and coddleed him. And neer forget it.I wont. Then that last weeks anxiety about losing her came tumbling back over him. Hey, where did you go? I thought the Colonel had taken you.I went out on my mothers ravish to send a message.What message?I was calling our ride. on the whole the whaley boys had been put on notice No pilot was going to take his institutionalise out of here with you on board, still wont. But I could go, so I went out with my mother to pick up some supplies. And I called a ride.What, Emily 7 cant pilot a channelize?Uh-uh, squeaked Emily 7.Only pilots can pilot a ship , duh. Anyway Amy checked her watch your ride should be in the harbor soon. I have to go by my place and grab something I requisite to take.An hour later they stood at the urines edge in the harbor, and Amy was checking her watch again. I am so pissed, she said, tapping her foot frantically.It seemed as if every thirty seconds they had been cornered by some human house physician of Gooville, and Amy had to tell the story again. Emily 7 was the only one of the whaley boys, other than the crew of Amys mothers ship, that was still in the grotto.You guess theyll revolt, hurt humans? Nate asked.No, theyll be fine. That was a first. Its not every day you find out that your the Nazarene is plotting to kill you. Give em a day or two to get over the embarrassment everything result be back to normal.I guess its just as well that were getting out of here. You dont want to face those two females you zapped.Bring it on, Amy said, patting the pockets of her shorts. Besides, Im sort of special here, Nate. I dont want to sound egotistical, but they real all do know me, know who I am, what I am. No one lead put under me.Just then Nate spotted a light coming from deep in the mirror-calm water.Thats him, Amy said.Him? frame, coming to take you home.Me? You mean us.Em, can I get a minute? Amy said. Kay, said Emily 7, skulking away from the brim toward town.When Emily was out of hearing range, Amy put her arms around Nate and leaned back to look at him. I cant go with you, Nate. Im assuageing.What do you mean? Why?I cant go. Theres something about me you dont know. Something I should have told you before, but I thought you wouldnt well, you know I thought you wouldnt love me.Please, Amy, please dont tell me youre a lesbian. Because Ive been through that once, and I dont envisage I could survive it again. Please.No, nothing like that. Its about my parents well, my father truly.The navigator?Uh, no, not real. Actually, Nate, this is my father. She pulled a small specimen vex out of her pocket and held it up. There was a pink, jellylike substance in it.That looks like It is, Nate. Its the Goo. My mother was never intimate with her navigator, or with anyone in the first tether years she was here, but one morning she woke up pregnant.And youre sure it was the Goo, not just that she had way too some mai-tais at the Gooville cabana union?She knows it, and I know it, Nate. Im sort of not normal.You feel normal. He pulled her closer.Im not. For one thing, I dont just look a lot younger than I really am, but Im excessively a lot stronger than I look, especially as a swimmer. Remember that day I found the humpback ship by sound? I really can hear directional sound underwater. And my muscle tissue is different. It stores group O the way a whales tissue does, I can stay underwater without breathing for over an hour, long if I dont exert myself. Im the only one like me, Nate. Im not really, you know human.Nate listened, trying to weigh w hat it really meant in the bigger picture, but he couldnt think of anything except that he cute her to go with him, wanted her to be with him, no matter what she said she was. I dont care, Amy. It doesnt matter. Look, I got over all this he gestured to all that and the fact that youre sixty-four years old and your mother is a famous dead aviatrix. As long as you dont start liking girls, Ill be fine.Thats not the point, Nate. I cant leave here, not for long anyway. no(prenominal) of us can. Even the ones who werent born(p) here. The Goo becomes part of you. It takes care of you, but you become attached to it, almost literally. Like an addiction. It gets in your tissues by contact. Thats how my mother had me. Ive been gone a lot al deposit this year. If I odd now, or if I left for longer that a few months at a time, Id get sick. Id likely die.At that moment a yellow seek submersible bubbled up to the surface of the lagoon, a dozen headlights blazing into the grotto around a great Plexiglas bubble in the front.Thats it, then. Ill stay. I dont mind, Amy. Ill stay here. We can live here. I could spend a lifetime learning about this place, the Goo.You cant do that either. It pass on become part of you, too. If you stay too long, you wont be able to leave either. You had to have noticed that first night we got drunk together, how fast you recovered from the hangover.Nate thought about how quickly his wounds had healed, too weeks, maybe months of better overnight. There was no other report. He thought about spending his life with only flutter glimpses of lielight, and he said, I dont care. Ill stay.No you wont. I wont let you. You have things to do. She shoved the specimen jar in his pocket, then kissed him hard. He kissed her back, for a long time.The hatch at the top of the dry exit tower on the sub overt, and carcass popped up to see Nate and Amy for the first time since theyd both disappeared.Well, thats unprofessional, stiff said.Amy broke t he kiss and whispered, You go. Take that with you. She patted his pocket. Then she turned to Clay as she checked her watch again. Youre lateHey, missy, I rate a time when Id be at the coordinates you sent six hundred and twenty-three feet below sea level and I was there. You didnt mention that I had another mile of submarine cave with some of the scariest-looking pit formations Ive ever seen. He glanced at Nate. They looked alive.They are alive, Amy said.Are we close to the surface? The pressure is Ill explain on the way, Nate said. Wed better go. Nate stepped onto the sub as Clay slipped down inside the hatch to allow him to pass. Nate crawled into the hatch and looked back to Amy before he closed it.Ill stay, Amy. I dont care. For you Ill stay. I love you. You know that, in effect(p)?She nodded and brushed disunite out of her eyes. Yeah, she said, Then she spun around quickly and started walking away. You take care of yourself, Nathan Quinn, she shouted over her should er, and Nate heard her voice break when she said his name.He climbed down into the sub and secured the hatch above him.Clay had watched Amy walk away from the big, half-submerged Plexiglas bubble in the front of the sub.Wheres Amy going?She cant come home, Clay.Shes okay, though?Shes okay.You okay?Ive been better.They were quiet for the long ride through the pressure locks to the out of doors ocean, just the sound of the electric motors and the low hum of instruments all around them. The lights of the sub barely reached out to the walls of the cave, but every hundred yards or so they would come to a large, pink disk of living tissue, like a giant sea anemone, which would raft back to let them pass, then expand to fill the passageway once they had gone through. Nate watched the pressure opine rise one atmosphere every time they passed through one of the gates, and it was then that he realized he wasnt escaping at all. The Goo knew exactly where and what they were, and it was letti ng him go.Youre going to explain what all this is, right? Clay said, not even looking away from the controls.Nate was startled out of his reverie. Clay, I cant believe I mean, I believe it, but Thanks for coming to get me.I never told you, you know its not really appropriate or anything but I have pretty strong feelings about loyalty.Well, I valuate that, Clay, and I appreciate it.Yeah, well, dont mention it.Then they were both a bit embarrassed and both untrue that something was irritating their throats and they had to cough and pay attention to their breathing for a spot, even though the air in the little submarine was filtered and humidified and perfectly clean.CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHTPiratesNate was standing with Clay on the degraded bridge of the Clair as she steamed into the Auau Channel.Youd better put on some sunscreen, Nate.Nate looked down at his forearms. Hed lost most of his color while in Gooville, and he could feel the sun cooking him, even through his T-sh irt.Yeah. He looked off toward Lahaina, the harbor hed piloted into a thousand times. Theyd have to anchor far outside the breakwater with a ship this size, but it still had the feeling of coming home. The wind was warm and sweet, the water the heartbreak blue of a newborns eyes. A humpback fluked about eight hundred yards to the north of them, its tail glistening in the sun as if it were covered with sequins.Theres still a month left of the season, Clay said. We can still get some work done.Clay, Ive been thinking. Maybe we can be a little more purposeful in what were doing. Maybe a little more active, conservation-wise.I could go for that. I like whales.I mean, we have the resources now, and even if I could prove the meaning of the birdcall somehow decipher the vocabulary of it I could never prove the purpose. You know, without compromising Gooville.Not a good idea. During the trip home Nate had explained it all.I mean, theres no reason we cant do good science and still, yo u know Kick some ass.Well, yeah.Clay affected an exaggerated Grecian accent. Sometimes, boss, you just got to unbuckle your pants and go looking for trouble.Zorba?Yeah. Clay grinned.Great book, Nate said. Is that the Always Confused?Clay pulled up a jibe of binoculars and focused on a speedboat that was rounding the Lahaina breakwater, memorialiseing more wake than she should in the harbor. Kona was driving the Always Confused.My boat, Clay said, somewhat distressed.You sine qua non to get over that, Clay.The speedboat came around to a parallel course with the Clair as the ship cut her engines in preparation to drop anchor. Kona was motion and screaming like a madman. Irie, Bwana Nate Irie The lion come home Praise Jahs mercy. IrieNate came down the steps from the flying bridge to the deck. Whatever resentment he might have had for the surfer at one time was gone. Whatever threat he might have felt from the boy had melted away. Whatever irrelevance Konas youth and strength mi ght have underscored in his own character was irrelevant. Maybe it was time to be an example instead of a competitor. Besides, he was genuinely glad to see the kid. Hey, kid, how you doing?Jammin now, dont you know.Thats good. Howd you like to go be a pirate?Because the Navy didnt maintain permanent offices on Maui, Captain L. J. Tarwater had been given a small office that the navy sublet for him in the Coast Guard building, which meant that, unlike on a ocean base, here the public could pretty much come and go as they wished. So Tarwater wasnt that surprised to see someone come strolling through his office door. What he was surprised by was that it was Nathan Quinn, whom he thought quite drowned, and who was carrying a four-gallon glass jar full of some clear liquid.Quinn, I thought you were lost at sea.I was. Im found now. We need to have a chat. He set the jar on Tarwaters desk, going away a wet ring on some papers there, then went back and shut the door to the outer offices.Loo k, Quinn, if this is some kind of stunt, like spray-painting fur, youre wasting your time. You guys act like the military is the great Satan. Im here to study these animals. I grew up in the same generation you did, and so did most of the people in the navy who do what I do. We dont want to hurt these animals.Okay, Nate said. We only have two things to talk about here. Then Ill show you something.Whats in the jar? That better not be kerosene or anything.Its seawater. I got it at the beach about ten minutes ago. Dont worry about it. Look, first youre going to finish your study and youre going to strongly recommend that the navys submarine sandwich range not be go into the sanctuary. You give not let that happen. The animals do dive to depths where they can be hurt by the explosions, and they pull up stakes be hurt by the explosions, which youll be setting off not to defend the country but just so you guys can practice.Theres no evidence that they ever dive deeper than two hundre d feet.There testament be. Ive got data tags coming in from the mainland, Ill have data in a month.Still boot out up, Nate said, then thought better of it and added, Please. Then he continued. Second, you need to do everything in your power to back off of testing low-frequency active sonar. We know that it kills deepwater hunters like beaked whales, and theres probably some chance that it also injures the humpbacks, and under no circumstances do you want to do that.And why would that be?You know what my work has been for the last twenty-five years, right?Youve been canvass the humpback call option. What, trying to figure its purpose?I found it, Tarwater. Its a prayer. The singers are praying.Thats preposterous. Theres no way you could know that.Im positive of it. Absolutely positive. I know its a prayer, and that the torpedo base and LFA will harm a God-fearing animal. Nate paused to let it sink in, but Tarwater just looked at him like he was an annoying rodent that had crawled i n from the cane fields.How could you possibly know that, Quinn?Because their prayers are answered. Nate took a portable tape recorder out of his shirt pocket and set it on the desk next to the seawater, into which hed already mixed part of the Goo that Amy had given him. He pushed the play button, and the sound of humpback-whale poesy modify the office.This is ridiculous, Tarwater said.Watch, Nate said, pointing to the water, which began to swirl, a tiny pink vortex forming in the middle.Get out of here. Im not impressed with your Mr. Wizard tricks, Quinn.Watch, Nate said again. As they watched, the pink vortex expanded while the whale song played, until half the jar was filled with a moving pink stain. Then Nate turned off the tape.So what? Tarwater said.Look more closely. Nate opened the jar, reached in, strained out some of the pink, and threw it on Tarwaters desk. Tiny half-pint each only an inch long flipped about on the blotter. Krill, Nate said.Tarwater didnt say any thing. He just looked at the krill, then scraped a couple into his hand and examined them more closely. They are krill.Uh-huh.What, its like Sea Monkees, right? You had brine-shrimp eggs in there.No, Captain Tarwater, I did not. The humpbacks are praying, and God is answering them, giving them food. We could run this little experiment a hundred times, and that water would be clear when we started and full of krill when we ended. Trust me, Ive done it. And he had. The little bit of Goo in the water created the krill out of the other life in there, the ubiquitous SAR-11 bacteria that existed in every liter of seawater on the planet.Tarwater held up the krill. But I thought they didnt eat when they were here.Youre thinking on too small a scale. They dont flux for four months, and then they do nothing but feed. Theyre thinking in conjure the way you might think about breakfast before you go to bed at night. Doesnt matter, really. What you need to do, Captain, is everything in your power and influence to stop the range and the LFA testing.Tarwater looked stunned now. Im just a captain.But youre an determined captain. I can have a jar of seawater on the secretary of the navys desk in ten hours. Do you really want to be the one to explain to this administration that youre hurting an animal that prays to God? Particularly this administration?No, sir, I do not, said Tarwater, looking decidedly more frightened than he had been just a second before.I thought you were an intelligent man. I trust youll handle this, and this will be the last anyone will hear of my jar.Yes, sir, Tarwater said, more out of habit than respect.Nate took his tape recorder and his jar and walked out, grinning to himself, thinking about the praying humpbacks. Of course, its not your particular God, he thought, but they do pray, and their god does feed them.He headed back to Papa Lani to make the calls and write the paper that would torpedo any hope of Jon doubting Thomas Fullers ever buildin g a captive dolphin petting zoo on Maui.A pirates work is never done.Three months later the Clair cruised into the cold coastal waters off Chile on her way to Antarctica to intercept, stop, harass, and generally make business difficult for the Japanese whaling ship Kyo Maru. Clay was at the helm, and when the ship reached a precise point on the GPS receiver, he ordered the engines cut. It was a sunny day, unusually calm for this part of the Pacific. The water was so dark blue it almost appeared desolate.Clair was below in their cabin. Shed been seasick for most of the voyage, but she had insisted on coming along despite the nausea, using her saber-edged persuasive skills on the captain. (Whos got the pirate booty? All right, then, help me pack.)Nate stood on the deck at the bow, his arm around Elizabeth Robinson. Above them swung an eighteen-foot rigid-hull Zodiac on a crane, ready to drop into the water whenever it was needed. There was another one on the stern, where once the sub marine had been stowed. Up on the flying bridge, Kona scanned the sea around them with a pair of big-eye binoculars on a heavy iron mount that was welded to the railing.Theres one, a thousand yards.Clay came out onto the walkway beside Kona. They all looked to starboard, where the residual cloud of a whale blow was hanging over the calm water.Another one Clay shouted, pointing to a second blow closer to the ship off the port bow.Then they started firing into the air as if triggered by a chained fuse whale blows of different shapes, heights, and angles great explosions of spray erupting so close to the ship now that the decks started to glisten with the moisture. Then the backs of the great whales rolled in the water around them, gray and black and blue, hills of slick flesh on all sides, moving slowly, then lying in the water. Nate and Elizabeth moved up to the bow railing and watched a group of sperm whales lolling in the water like logs just a few feet off the bow. Next to them a wide right whale floated, bobbing gently in the swell, only a slow wave of the tail revealing that the creature was alive. It rolled to one side, and its eye bulged as it looked at them.You okay? Nate asked Elizabeth, squeezing her shoulder. This was the first time shed been out on the water in over forty years. In her hands she clutched a brown paper lunch bag.Theyre still amazing up close. Id forgotten.Just wait.There were probably a hundred animals of different species around the ship now, most rolled on their side, one eye bulged out to focus in the air. Their blows settled into a syncopated rhythm, like cylinders of some great engine firing in succession.Kona jumped up and down next to Clay, praising Jah and express mirth as each animal breathed or flicked a tail. Irie, my whaley friends he shouted, waving to the animals close to the boat. Clay desperately resisted the urge to grab up cameras and start blasting film or digital video. It felt like he had to pee, really badly , from his eyes.Nate, Clay called, and he pointed to a bubble net forming just outside the ring of floating whales. Theyd seen them dozens of times in Alaska and Canada, one humpback circling and releasing a swarm out of bubbles to corral a school of fish while others plunged up through the middle to catch them. The circle of bubbles became more pronounced on the surface, as if the water were boiling, and then a single humpback breached through the ring, cleared the water completely, and landed on its side in white crater of splash and spray.Oh, my good Elizabeth said. Flustered, she pressed her face into Nates jacket, then looked back quickly, lest she miss something.Theyre showing off, Clay said.The lolling whales lazily paddled out of the way, hypothesis a corridor to the ship. The humpback motorboated toward the bow, its knobby face riding on top of the water. When it was only ten yards from the bow, the animal rose up in the water and opened its mouth. Amy stood up, and next to her stood James Poynter Robinson.Hey, can we get a ladder down here? Amy shouted.Praise Jahs mercy, Kona said, the Snowy Biscuit has come home.Nate threw a cargo net over the side, then climbed halfway down and pulled Amy up onto the net. He held her there as the ship moved in the swell, and she tried to kiss him and nearly chipped a tooth.Help me with Elizabeth, Nate said.Together they got the Old Broad down the cargo net and handed her to her husband, who stood on the tongue of a whale and hugged his bride after not comprehend her for four decades.You look so young, Elizabeth said.We can fix that, he said.Youll get old?Nope. He looked back to Nate and saluted. Nate could hear whaley-boy pilots snickering inside the whale.I brought you a pastrami on rye, she said.Poynter took the paper bag from her as if he were judge the Holy Grail.Nate and Amy scrambled up the cargo net and stood at the bow as the whale drifted away from the bow.Thank you, Nate, the Old Broad said, waving. Thank you, Clay.Nate smiled. Well see you soon, Elizabeth.We will, you know, Amy said as the whale ship closed and sank back into the waves.I know.I have to come back here every few months, you know.I know.Forever.Yeah, I know.Im the new colonel now. Im sort of in charge down there, you know, since Im sort of the daughter of their god. So well have to spend time down there.Do I have to call you Colonel?What, you have a worry with that?No, Im okay with that.You realize that the Goo really could decide to wipe out the human species at any minute.Yep. Same as its constantly been.And you know if I live out here, Im not always going to, you know, look like this?I know.But I will always be luscious, and you you will always be a hopeless nerd.Action nerd, Nate corrected.Ha Amy said.AUTHOR NOTESScience and MagicThe science you dont know looks like magic, Kona says in Chapter 30. I have generally come down on the side of magic, exactly because it involves less math, but with flue it wa s necessary to learn a little science. Because so much of luckiness does fall into the realm of magic, though, I thought it only fair to give you, gentle reader, some idea of whats fact and whats not.The body of knowledge on cetacean biological science, especially as it relates to behavior, is growing at such(prenominal) a staggering rate that its hard to be sure of what you know from one day to the next. (This happens to be exactly the way I live my life, so that worked out nicely.) Scientists have been studying humpback song for fewer than forty years, and its only in the last decade that studies have been undertaken to try to relate the song to social behavior and interaction. (And a challenging question there What constitutes interaction in an animal whose voice can carry a thousand miles?) As I write this, September 2002, much about the humpback song is still unknown. (Although scientists do know that it tends to be found in the New mount up music member, as well as in trop ical waters. There is no reasonable explanation for this, but as of yet no tagged humpbacks have been tracked to the New Age section at Sam Goodys.)At this point no one has ever seen or filmed the conjugation of humpbacks, so while it would appear that the song has something to do with sum, because it is performed only by males and because it is sung only during the mating season, no one has drawn a direct correlation between the song and mating. Theories abound The males are marking territory sonically, they are showing their fitness and size by singing, they are calling mates, they are just saying howdy all of the above, none of the above. The fact remains that, regardless of its purpose, the humpback-whale song is the most complex piece of nonhuman composition on earth. Whether its art, prayer, or a booty call, the humpback song is an amazing thing to experience firsthand, and I suspect that even once the science of it is put to bed, it will remain, as long as they sing, magi c.Beyond the song, much of the whale behavior and biology described in Fluke is accurate, or as accurate as I could keep it and not overburden the story. (Excepting the whale ships, the whaley boys, and every killer whales being named Kevin, all of which I made up. Killer whales are actually all named Sam. Duh.) The acoustic data, and the analysis thereof, is generally balderdash. While scientists do indeed collect data in the personal manner described, much of the analysis process came from my imagination. For the record, though, low-frequency whale calls can and do travel thousands of miles under the sea.While the Lahaina make is indeed inundated with whale researchers every winter, and while there are indeed lectures given sporadically at the Whale Sanctuary visitor center, the acrimony, competition, and tension described among the researchers is completely of my own creation, as are the individual descriptions and personalities of the characters. Tension among a bunch of neu rotics is just more interesting for a story than is a description of dedicated professionals doing their work and getting along, which is the case in reality. When in doubt, assume I made it up.CONSERVATIONThe reason we shouldnt kill whales is because they fire the imagination. JAMES DARLING, PH.D.Hey, I thought they were saved already No one likes the Were glad you enjoyed this story about the rainforest with all its cute little animals and charming inseparable people, BECAUSE IT WILL ALL BE A CHARRED DESERT NEXT WEEK approach, and I hate to do it to you, but you should know that much of the conservation information in Fluke is accurate. They arent quite saved.The Japanese and the Norwegians continue to practice whaling, each taking up to five hundred minke whales a year under scientific research permits (the meat ends up in markets in Europe and Asia). Despite free market arguments to the contrary, whaling is not a profitable business in Japan. It is subsidized by the government , and, to bolster consumer study, they have introduced whale meat into the school lunch program so children will develop a taste for it. (Good thinking there. Dont we all crave the cafeteria cuisine of our youth? Mmmm, mashed peas.) Biologists working undercover in Japanese markets (spy nerds), by running deoxyribonucleic acid tests, have found endangered whale species (including blue whale) in cans of whale meat labeled as minke whale meat. (So someone is still killing them.)Except for scientific whaling, the International Whaling Commissions moratorium on hunting great whales is still in effect, but several whaling nations are rallying hard to have the moratorium lifted and pay survey studies to prove that great-whale populations, including humpbacks and grays, have recovered enough for them to resume hunting. The U.S. antiwhaling position in the IWC is severely compromised by the fact that they support aboriginal whaling that is, subsistence hunting by indigenous people. Th e argument for aboriginal whaling by the actual indigenous people is seldom made on a basis of subsistence, but more frequently because hunting whales is a cultural custom of their people that must be preserved. This, of course, is utter bull make. Its a tradition of Americans of European descent to commit genocide on indigenous people, but that doesnt mean we ought to start doing it again. Even some old ideas are still bad ideas.While it is true that many whale species seem to be recovering, like the gray and the humpback, other populations still struggle, and some, like the North Atlantic right whale, may yet disappear from the planet. (Not due to hunting, but as one researcher, whom I wont name, said, because theyre monstrous as shit and wont get out of the way when they hear a ship coming. Hell, I almost wreck when a squirrel runs in front of my car, and therere millions of them. I cant imagine trying to keep a supertanker from going in the purge while swerving to avoid one o f the last remaining right whales.) late surveys estimate (and they can only estimate, because scientists cant find enough of the animals to actually count I guess when you find one, you just have to count the bejeezus out of him, then extrapolate with algorithms and computer projections) that there may be fewer than three hundred North Atlantic right whales left in the world.But on a happier note, some of the populations are recovering, and although the Japanese government appears to be a bunch of nimrods (and who are we to talk?), the Japanese people seem more interested in watching whales than eating them, so the pressure to extend the hunt may relent.The kicker to all this is probably that habitat loss and pollution, not hunting, present the greatest threat to marine mammals. (Wha? Habitat loss, dont they have the whole ocean?) For the most part our oceans are great, wet deserts, with millions of square miles in which life is very sparse. Predictably, human populations have started to compete with marine mammals for the food sources, and, under increased demand and improved fishing methods, many once rich fishing grounds are becoming as barren as a clear-cut forest. Hydroelectric dams that restrict the migration of salmon and other species to their freshwater reproduction grounds are already having an impact on the populations of marine mammals that feed on the adult salmon.As industrial pollution and agricultural runoff take virulent chemicals to the ocean, it would seem that the enormous volume of seawater would dilute these chemicals to harmless levels, and thats what happens until the chemicals are gathered up by a mechanism called the food chain. Recent studies of tissue samples of some toothed whales (killer whales and dolphins, who feed fairly high up on the food chain) show levels of man-made toxins so high that the animals blubber actually qualifies as toxic waste. Studies are now going on to determine if declining marine mammal populations on the west coast of North America may not be caused by the lower birth rates and the compromised immune systems of animals who feed on toxic fish. (Oh yeah, guess who else is at the top of the seafood chain?)You want to help? Pay attention. Caring about the consideration of our oceans does not make you a psycho, tree-hugging, bleeding-heart liberal, it just makes you smart. The health of all life on this planet depends on the health of the oceans. Its just good business. (Even a supply-sider has to admit that if you fish a population to extinction, there will be no supply, so there will be no demand. Its bad economics from the right or the left.) So watch what you eat, and dont eat fish that are being over-fished (like Chilean sea bass, for instance). And dont pour the used oil from your oil change down the storm drain unless you want your next shrimp platter to taste like Quaker State and you sort of like the idea of having your own children born with flippers.And go look at some whales. Not captive ones, wild ones. It all comes down to economics, and as long as its more profitable to have whales around to look at, well have them around to look at. If you dont live near water and cant get to any, rent a whale video. It all comes around.Barring that, just yell at people randomly to stop killing whales. It could catch on. Really.(Would you like fries with that?Shut up and stop killing whalesThank you. Drive through, please.)ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFirst, my thanks to the home team to Charlie Rodgers, as usual, for profound reads and cogent comments to my editor, Jennifer Brehl and to my agent, Nicholas Ellison, who a couple of years ago said, Hey, how about a book about whale song? I dont know like theres meaning in it or something. You figure it out. Blame or credit goes to Nick for that. As always, thanks to Dee Dee Leichtfuss for being my reader without an agenda. Thanks, too, to Galen and Lynn Rathbun, for taking time away from studying the hose-nose shrew to fill me in on the home life of the field biologist and for putting me in touch with the people at NOAA.My thanks also to Kurt Preston for geological information, to Dr. David Kirkpatrick for information on genetics, to Mark Joseph for my foot to Sonar phone lecture, and to Bret Huffman for Rasta-Pidgin tutoring.Much of the background on genes, evolution, and memes came from the work of Richard Dawkins The Selfish Gene, The Blind Watchmaker, The Extended Phenotype, and others also from Daniel Dennetts Darwins Dangerous Idea and from Susan Blakemores excellent book The Meme Machine. I recommend them all for further reading, but when youre finished, you may have to read several of my books and watch a lot of TV just to get stupid enough again to function in the modern world again. Fortunately I am clever in this respect and have recovered nicely, thank you.The laser-measurement algorithm described in Chapter 1 was theorize by Dr. John Calambokidis of the Cascadia Research Collective . He should get credit for that as well as for many other contributions to the field.Many of the research anecdotes I used in Fluke were fashioned out of stories told to me by the researchers themselves. The story of the Japanese whalers being affected by seeing a mother sperm whale and her calf (Chapter 30) was told to me by Bob Pittman of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. The story of the Pacific Biological Research Project, where the military funded a feasibility study to use seabirds as a biological-warfare vector, was told to me by Lisa Ballance, Bobs wife, who also works at NOAAs Southwest Fisheries Science Center.Thanks, too, to Dr. Wayne Ferryman, also from NOAA, who shared many hours of stories, providing me with information about the lifestyles of researchers. My thanks to Dr. Ferryman as well for inviting me to observe the California gray whale survey in person and not insisting that I always bring the pizza.Thanks to Jay Barlow from NOAAs Southwest Fisheries Scienc e Center for information on navy research projects and the relationship between researchers and the navy. Much of which I blew off so I could put Captain Tarwater in Maui, but still, thanks, Jay.My thanks, too, to Carol DeLancey of Oregon State Universitys Marine Mammal Program, who told me the great story of the female right whale using a researchers Zodiac as a diaphragm while the researchers were assaulted by a pair of prehensile whale willies (Chapter 8) something that happened directly to Dr. Bruce pair, but which I embellished in that I dont believe that the whales ejaculated in the boat, and Dr. Mate did not become a lesbian.For information on underwater acoustics and the nature and range of blue-whale calls, much of which I totally ignored, many thanks to Dr. Christopher G. Fox of the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, Oregon. It was Chriss description of an unidentified, fixed throbbing noise coming from deep under the Pacific Ocean, somewhere off the coast of Chile, that first inspired the undersea city of Gooville.For the inside story on harbor life in Lahaina and the geological dating life of the female researcher, my thanks to Rachel Cartwright and Captain Amy Miller, who study humpback cow/calf behavior and biology in Maui in the winter and Alaska in the summer.My thanks, too, to Kevin Keyes for whale and dolphin stories, as well as for his sempiternal patience in teaching me ocean kayaking and providing the cold-water discipline safety training that probably kept me from drowning while trying to get out among the animals.Finally, my deepest thanks to Dr. Jim Darling, Flip Nicklin, and Meagan Jones, who for two seasons allowed me to ride along and observe their research in Maui, as well as for giving generously of their time to answer my questions both in person and by e-mail. While most of the information about humpbacks and humpback song in Fluke came out of these trips, the inaccuracies and liberties taken with the information a re my own. The anecdotes and science I learned from these folks, all of whom have spent their lives working in the field, were enough to fill two books, and were certainly too voluminous to list here. but put, this book would not have been possible without their help. Kinder, more intelligent, more dedicated people than these do not the face of this earth walk.To support their ongoing research on humpback song and behavior, send your tax-deductible donations toWhale Trust300 Paani PlacePaia, HI 96779